Ovania Case Analysis

Ovania Chemical Corporation, a producer of specialty chemicals, is taking the initiative to modernize. The modernization volition include redesigning jobs performed by employees. The most hyper slender job the comp all is evaluating for redesign is the military capability of the System Analyzer. This fleck is critical to operations because the corpse analyzer is responsible for monitoring all of the chemical components used in the production of goods.Ovania is looking to automate this grade which result require system analyzers to have more than technical aptitudes. Overall, the changes the company is implementing will change the tasks, duties, and responsibilities of this rate by more than 70 percent. The company anticipates that the spiritual rebirth to this brisk system will be a two yr process. Ovania has already developed a committee to design the potential skill set that they feel will be needed to perform the system analyzer job and testing to evaluate that ski ll set was developed.Recruiting new applicants for the newly designed position was done internally and externally, with emphasis on recruiting from within the organization, as well as reliable system analyzers who were involuntary to re lease, prior to the two year implementation, for their positions. Prescreening for skills and experience were not considered as divorce of the application process in order to encourage a more diverse pussycat of applicants.Concern were raised, however, that some protected classes may specify the position objectionable ground on some of the requirements, such as entering treatment tanks to read gauges because the work is quite dirty. Applicants would be considered establish on their performance on aptitude and ability tests. Testing would except take place for skills which the company felt it could not reasonably train an applicant for prior to the two year implementation date.The cutoff marking for testing was decided upon and after testing t he company has narrowed the pool of applicants to twenty, however he testing itself has been problematic for the organization, because the position is new and no validity or normative data exists to base the testing on. The recognise growth facing Ovania is the validity of the testing procedure for the new position. Because no prior data exists, Ovania needs to be certain that the criteria selected for testing is rattling valid for the position of system analyst. How does a company such as Ovania conduct a job analytic thinking for a position that does not exist yet?By looking at the current position requirements (duties and tasks) as well as the current job description, Ovania can develop guidelines for the new position. While this position will be different from the current job requirements, some of the areas included in the current job analysis will be valid for the new position as well. whatever new skills and responsibilities the company anticipates may be required could b e researched base on analysis already conducted within the industry for similar jobs. de loture room for additional requirements and noting that the analysis methods may change as the position develops will also be key, however primary responsibilities and skill sets for applicants should be established based in research specific to the industry and based on similar positions. Did Ovania choose content-valid selection criteria? What other predictors may be useful? Selection criteria used by Ovania is content valid for this position, as it samples the knowledge and skill necessary to perform the job.Ovania may also turn a profit from learning about applicants previous performance in related positions and sensual ability testing for this position. Given the technical nature and level of state required for this position, prior job performance data will be valuable in assessing capability of the applicant. Why not hire person fully trained now? Ovania has decided that it is free t o train any skills it deems reasonable to be acquired prior to the two year implementation date. The improvement of this approach is that the selected applicant will be trained ccording to the development of the position over that time and will be familiar with the company environment.The evil is the cost of that training to Ovania should the applicant decide to leave or not work out in this position. Should the concern about women getting downwards into the dirty treatment tanks have been a selection issue? How tycoon you include this factor in a selection battery? The issue of getting in the dirty treatment tanks should not be considered for upright female applicants, but should be addressed with all applicants for the position as it is a required part of the position for anyone chosen for the job.This should be part of the developed job description and all applicants selected to be interviewed should be five dollar bill the description for the position and emphasis made tha t checking the gauges in the treatment tanks is a mandatory requirement. They should have full understanding that if they are not willing to perform this part of the job they will not be considered for the position as it is necessary to the safety of the plant operations.

How Have Western Views of Knowledge Changed over Time? Essay

Throughout history, cultures have held disparate visualises on the nature of chicaneledge. Epistemology, the subsection of doctrine that focuses on primary questions such as What is knowledge? How do we know what we know? , lies at the heart of these views. In Western culture, the answers to these basic questions have changed markedly over time. Throughout history, this phylogeny in philosophy has been inextricably linked to acquisition and religion. Much of Western thought has been heavy influenced by the philosophy of the Ancient Greeks. In particular, the epistemological views of the Ancient Greeks dominate Western thought for centuries.Of all the Greek philosophers, Plato was virtuoso of the well-nigh influential. In his most famous work The Republic, Plato used the Allegory of the Cave to constitute the role of sensory perception in knowledge acquisition. In his analogy, Plato set forth a cave in which people were chained d possess in such a way that prevented them f rom looking anywhere but forward. bum them was a fire and in front of them was a wall that reflected shadows from that fire. The captives captors manipulated these shadows to create forms and stories. The forms and stories that the prisoners saw were the only reality that they knew.Eventually the prisoners unexpended the cave and be true reality outside. It was only then that the prisoners tacit that what they had perceived until this moment was a false perception. The Allegory of the Cave served to exemplify Platos epistemological views. Today, we describe Platos philosophical views as rationalist. He argued against reliance on sensory experience because he believed that it failed to provide us with any guarantee that what we experience was, in fact, true. He believed that the information we get under ones skin by relying on sensory experience is constantly changing and ofttimes unreliable.It can be evaluated only by appealing to higher principles that do non change. In the Allegory of the Cave, Plato was comparing our sensory perception to the shadows on the wall of the cave. Plato saw us as the chained prisoners unable to know anything but this false reality. just now by leaving the cave and rise to higher orders of thought are we able to know true reality. unsaid in this view was the belief that true knowledge cannot be found done falsifiable investigation. According to Plato, empirical knowledge was merely opinion. Only thought and abstract reasoning could produce true knowledge.The rationalist view of epistemology dominated much of Western thought for centuries. Eventually, progress in cognizance during the Renaissance changed this. One of the first to change these rife views was Andreas Vesalius. In 1543, Vesalius print De Humanis Corporis Fabrica (On the Workings of the Human Body), an elaborately illustrated atlas of man anatomy. eyepatch Vesalius make work had significant historical importance in the field of medicine, his most endu ring legacy was his revolutionary challenge of the medical conventions of his day.For centuries, physicians had relied on meter reading texts from Galen for medical knowledge rather than participating in the direct dissection of human corpses. Vesalius promoted the practice of dissection and hands on experience. By overthrowing the Galenic tradition and relying on his own observations, Vesalius was advocating an empirical understanding of the human body. This shift from rationalism to empiricism became one of the defining characteristics of the Scientific Revolution. In direct contrast to rationalism, empiricism emphatic the acquisition of knowledge through direct observation and experiment.Empiricism not only encouraged but required reliance on our senses. This was in direct opposition to Platos epistemological view that had dominated for a millennium. This shift from Platos rationalism to scientific empiricism had significant ramifications for philosophy. epoch before this time there had always been collaboration between knowledge and philosophy and religion, there had been no real distinction between them. Now, empirical knowledge served as a way of testing philosophical knowledge. This would last lead to their incompatibility and their eventual separation.This separation is largely attributed to Galileo, one of the major(ip) figures during the Scientific Revolution. Even in his time, Galileo was a renown scientist and a philosopher. While he relied heavily on empirical methods in his studies of physics and astronomy, he also depended on rational thinking in his use of mathematics. It was through his combined use of empirical observations and rational thought that he affirm the Copernican view that the sun was the center of the universe. However, the Copernican heliocentric worldview conflicted with the dominant geocentric view espoused by philosophers from the time of Aristotle.Making issuances even much complicated was the fact that philosophers c ouched this dispute as a phantasmal matter arguing that a heliocentric worldview went against the teachings of the Bible. As the geocentric view had been pick out by the church, the heliocentric worldview was branded as heresy. Galileo, certain of the physiological integrity of his heliocentric paradigm and at the same time devout in his religious beliefs, worked to reconcile this conflict by divorcing the church from stringently physical matters, where faith is not involved. By working to separate science, philosophy, and religion, Galileo was attempting to reestablish the compatibility of science and religion. Despite Galileos attempts, the conflict between scientific and religious worldviews is hush up evident today. The epistemological tradition of today has created a dominant worldview establish on evidence. As during the time of Galileo, this worldview has at times conflicted with widely held religious beliefs. This divide, empiricism vs. faith, has bend an increasingly prominent conflict in American politics.A recent announcement by GOP presidential candidate, turn Perry highlights this divide. Rick Perry recently publicly declared his disbelief in the theory of evolution in favor of intelligent design. The theory of evolution is an explanation of the inception of life widely supported across numerous scientific disciplines. though science and empiricism overwhelming supports the theory of evolution, it does not largely current by the populace. The controversial nature of evolution has emerged because, once again, a purely physical matter has been politicized as a religious matter.Rick Perrys views on evolution illustrate a larger phenomenon in U. S. politics. That is, views regarding the evolution/intelligent design conflict tend to be politically divided. keen design or faith based arguments are generally forwarded by conservative Republicans such as Rick Perry. Evidence based empirical arguments, such as evolution, are championed by libera l Democrats. Science has become political as conservatives are aligned with religion.

Barriers to Communication Essay

The intercourse topic that I have chosen to write about is The Barriers to Communication in the in the make believe endue. My focus will be on the Apple Organization as well as other organizations that have had chats issues. My interest in this topic stems from the fact that Ive encountered many barriers to potent communication eyepatch in the work place. I understand personally how ineffective communication by all levels of an organization privy lead to the decrease work morals, productivity etc.I am also interested in this topic in that as a Business Management study I would like to be as affective in my communication with the organization I will join as well as with the individuals that will comprise the company. Based on a research do In July 2011, a Maritz Poll, an annual employee attitude survey conducted by Maritz Research, account that 25 percent of employees indicated having less trust in their management than they did the old year. Bad communication breaks down tr ust. Barriers to communication in the work place can be very detrimental to the sustainability, longevity and success to the organization. in that respect are numerous barriers that effect communication in the work place. concord to skillsyouneed.com, these barriers range from nonverbal communication, lack of feedback and cultural differences. These barriers to communication whitethorn and can occur at any stage in the communication process. Barriers may lead to your message becoming distorted and you therefore risk squander both time and/or money by causing wonder and misunderstanding. Effective communication involves overcoming these barriers and conveying a clear and concise message.ReferencesBarriers to effective communication. (n.d.). Retrieved from http//www.skillsyouneed.com/ips/barriers-communication.html Duggan, T. (n.d.). Communication problems in a business. Retrieved from http//smallbusiness.chron.com/communication-problems-business-2828.html

‘Looking for Alibrandi’ essay Essay

Essay question Family has a strong find out on our lives. It affects the charge we view ourselves and those around us. How has family influenced Josephine and what impact does it fork up?Family is peerless of our main influences in our lives, although we atomic number 18 non al flairs aw are of it. It shapes the mess we are and the choices we make in our lives. In the text Looking for Alibrandi by Melina Marchetta, Josephine Alibrandi is seeking to be free from the world and its misunderstood societal regulations end-to-end her twelfth year of high school the year of change and revolutionary bearings of thinking. throughout her journey, her family influences her way of thinking. She grows and conveys through family and structure, accepting her Italian hereditary pattern and family members. Family shows who she is, and by accepting that, Josie is capable to live freely to the brio she ideate of, although not in the way she originally expected. Throughout the book, famil y influences Josephine to reach her remnant of emancipation, creating a connected family and a liberated perspective on life.Throughout the book, Josies way of thinking changes immensely, from negativity towards her family and shade, to a new sagaciousness and perspective towards life. This is the effect from family, personal experiences, and sharing truths and feelings. Which teaches Josie how she feels about her culture, family and find the better of herself which is embedded in her family. Showing that her family influences and changes the way she feels about life and gives her a new perspective towards it. As the book progresses, Josephine learns to appreciate family the sacrifices they make her, her Italian heritage and the community of family. Josie became respectful and thankful towards her family as apposed to resentful, because they loved her and her individuality. This has influenced Josie to learn her own truths, make her own rules and way of life, but close importan tly, to compute out where her organise in life is, I know where my place in life is. Its not where the Seras or the Carlys of the world have slotted meIm an Australian with Italian blood flowing promptly through my veins. Ill say that with pride, because its pride that I feel. (page 259). in one case Josie realises that her family had confided with her and had sacrificed all these things for her and the Alibrandi/Andretti name, she took action, to change her life for herself and her family, to be a better person. A lot haschanged at home Maybe because Ive changed. (page 259), this shows that from what her family has taught her, Josephine has changed for the better. Maybe not in the way she expected to, but in the way she commode learn to accept herself and her family, which has changed her family life to a more loving, excepting community.Every family has structure, proficient homogeneous Josephines family. Josephines family has a very signifi locoweedt structure, which is loo sely influenced by their Italian culture and society, making them blind to Josephines way of life, They stifle me with their rules and regulations they have bought with them from Europe, but they havent changed with the times at that places always someone I have to respect. (p40). This indicates that Josies family is stuck in the white-haired Italian ways, so ignorant and stubborn. Expecting respect even though they have done nothing but age, I am an old woman now and I deserve respect. (p36). This is why Josie dislikes the culture and traditions, because she feels that those traditions are what hold her down and not let her live the free life she dreams of.But through experiences and feel she can not do anything that she wants with her life, her family result always weigh down upon her, only telephoneing the bad things and they testament always talk, no matter what which is what Josie learns to accept I think that if I lived like a saint and walked with two feet in one fit o ut If I wore the clothes of St Francis of Assisi and suffered like a martyr if I lived by the rules and never committed a sin, heap would still talk. Because human nature. Theyll always, like me, find someone to talk about. (p261). Culture and its traditions is another thing Josies family is buried in, which brings Josie down with it as well, Josie Culture is nailed into you so deep you cant escape it. (p175). All this is what holds Josie down from being free and doing what she wants.Family in Josephines life is what influences Josie to who she is and what decisions and actions she makes. Even though her family is who she thinks has trapped her life and societal standing under the floor, Josie can not help the fact that family and culture and traditions and wealth is what makes Josie the person she is. And it is not until she realises this is when her emancipation can happen. I unspoilt sat there thinking dressing on the year and I bring in that I was emancipated long ago I reme mber feeling socially out of it at St. Marthas, yet when the walk-a-thon happened, I realised I wasnt. I thought my birth circumstances were a transverse Id bear for the rest of my life, but it had never been my cross. I had only made it mine. (p258) Josie feels emancipated because she had taken the time to reflect back and look at the bigger picture.She realised that she didnt care what people though of her anymore because what difference is it really going to make in her life. Josie will always be Josie, and no matter how much others differ it cant change her, You cant hate what you are a part of. What you are. (p152). Her family will always be the ones who she will look up to, And I cried because I was loved by two of the strongest women I would ever meet in my lifetime. (p226) These strong characteristics are what have influenced Josie the most to stand up for herself and be strong for herself.You know a wonderful thing happened to me when I reflected back on my year. One day came. Because I finally understood. (p261), throughout her journey Josie learns through her family a new way of thinking, she grows and learns through family influences and family structure, accepting her Italian heritage and family members. Family shows who she is, and by accepting that, Josie is able to live freely to the life she dreamed of, although not in the way she originally expected. Throughout the book, family influences Josephine to reach her goal of emancipation, creating a connected family and a liberated perspective on life.

Morris Lurie’s ‘Pride and Joy’ Essay

Write about how one character reference from Morris Luries pluck and jubilate is presented and how this character develops key concerns in the fib. billy club in Morris Luries Pride and Joy is initially presented as a 16 year disused boy who literally lives his life in the footsteps of his abusive, irresponsible, bohemian overprotect, Ned Mathews. By the ending of the story billy goats character has undergone a transformation to compose his give per in disuniteigence he has broken away from his novice. This short story is told in offset printing person narrative by an anonymous bank clerk. This storyteller is a tourist on an island in the Great Barrier get down who tells his account of his encounter with millionaire Ned Mathews and his son, nightstick. Through his characterization of billy, Morris Lurie mystifys subject fields of self realization, responsibility, judgment, and p arnting. This essay testament give how billysticks characterization develops Morris L uries themes.Wealth, ownership, control and his thirst for his sky pilots approval shows how Lurie, by authority of his characterization of billy conveys his theme of lifestyle extracts. Ever since Billy and his father come to the island they act the uniforms of they own everything and everyone on it. When they go to eat breakfast in the morning, Billy deals with the very pretty waitress like she is a prostitute, Whats ya name, making love? he said Why? said the girl. I always like to know the names of the girls I sleep with.Luries use of a colloquial language and in entrance language much(prenominal) as sweeten and sleep with during Billys chat with a waitress show his desire to control a situation and to please his father Easy, son said Mathews, but his face was beaming with pride. Billys self-assured and com manhoodding swagger, He Billy walked with an exaggerated swagger is an example of a front which Lurie associates with Billy to show yet a nonher aspect of his des ire to prevail over everyone else in the restaurant. By exploring Billys inappropriate choice of lifestyle in great detail, Lurie expresses his theme, which is to fritter away care when choosing your lifestyle.Billys desire to please his father and to control is reiterated by the motif of intoxi brush asidet. Billy is too young to be drunkenness as often intoxicant as he does, yet he does and he does it to please his father and to control by demonstrating that he is able to intoxication as much as his father. This is shown in the quotation, His son Billy matched him drink for drink. Luries use of the tellers voice is very evidentiary here because the storyteller is presented to readers as very moral and sensible, so when the narrator talks about a boy drinking as much as a man we worry. This concern is further addressed by the narrative voice in the line, I watched the boy. How long could he last? I thought. How long could he keep it up? and also when he thinks, Dont tell me Billy is outdrinking him. I thought. His own son. His own pride and joy. The pace is significantly sped up during these two quotations by the shorter more choppy sentences.This serves two purposes, first it makes the passage stand out from the rest of the paragraph and second it permits the narrator to clearly state his point. The repetition of I though in some(prenominal) quotations creates an effective link of the two quotations. It is therefore reasonable to assume that the import of the two quotes are linked and that the narrator is wondering if Ned Mathews own ride and joy, his son Billy is already better at living the life of a spoiled, rude man than Ned Mathews. This is ironic because Billy is just a boy, so of course the narrator wonders How long can he keep it up? A nonher example is, When are we dismissal to nominate some real drinking, Dad? I thought you told me we was gonna have some real fun.Billys arrogance and the awkwardness of having an jejune talking about drinking with his father really shines through here. He is almost criticizing his father because he has not had any real drinking. Lurie employs dialogue and colloquial diction such as we was to make the communication sound even more out of place. Luries selection of alcohol as a motif in the story is important because alcohol has negative connotations and is illegal for adolescents to buy. By associating Billy with alcohol Lurie is implying that the life he is living where alcohol is a daily firearm of his routine is not suiting.Through Billy, Lurie evokes a theme of self realization which results in Billys character development. The first time there is evidence of this transform in character is when Billy meets the Princess and eventually when he started to cry later him and his father got into a fight over his fathers handle of the Princess. The most blatant example of this change however comes from Billys request for tea as opposed to the routine coffee and beer, not for m e, said Billy, in a voice I had never perceive him use before. A young boys voice. Can I have. a cup of tea? In this quotation Lurie utilizes tie in diction such as Can which has connotations of manners and kindness.Even the narrator recognizes Billys character development because he states that Billy radius in a young boys voice which is a voice he had not spoken in before. The narrator is referring to Billys transgression from a boy who acts like an indecorous bounteous to a boy who acts like a young boy. at that place is also more subtle evidence of Billys character development in the text. The adjectives and adverbs change to correspond with the two different aspects of Billys character. In the first part of the text adjective and adverbs such as bleary and cocky then in the second part of the short story Lurie uses a new selection of adjectives and adverbs such as, groovy, polite and young.Luries ability to reveal Billy through three different datepoints his fathers, the narrators and Billys own view of himself gives different perspectives to his character which helps position the readers to the themes of the short story. The overwhelming amount of dialogue in this text between Billy and his father Ned Mathews shows Billy and his fathers view that everything revolves around them. They are the only voice, which is heard in the story through dialogue despite the fact that there are roughly 80 other people on the island.The movements and actions of Billy convey part of his character. Billys actions are often direct or closely linked to the actions of his father. This shows the way that Billy looks up to the actions of his father, and how his father provide abuse that respect throughout the story. Directly after his father tells the barkeep to get off his fat behind and give a minute of service Billy says, Yeah, shake it up there. This quotation creates a priggish image of the typical clich where a father says something and then his son repeats it. pull out Billy is mimicking a very offensive and inappropriate thing that his father just said.This shows the reader how Ned Mathews is a inconsiderate role model and a poor parent. Through Billys actions Lurie also shows that Billy is not prepared to live the lifestyle of his father. The boy I noticed had to take a breath half way down. This quotations refers to the fact that Billy cannot drink all of the beer in one gulp when his father can as proof that his fathers life is not necessarily appropriate for him. This concern of Billy not being suited for his fathers life is restated by the narrator when he wonders, How long can he last?Through Billy, Lurie is able to express his themes and concerns in an interesting and vivid manner. The themes and concerns developed in Pride and Joy may appear to be very simple and obvious but that by no means makes them less important. Themes such as self realization, responsibility, judgment, and parenting are very significant in everyones live s.

Complete Assessment

These Taft give both have extensive former industry experience and formal trade qualifications. Further skills and companionship grooming along with induction will provided upon commencement of the role. These staff will be employed to work within the retail stores. Development of new processes will be implemented to add-on season efficiency and cost effectiveness. severally store will be provided with new mail service equipment such as photocopier, printer which is suitable for industrial use along with new computers and pads .A permit of delivery vans will be acquired in order to assist with the change magnitude in sales. Staff will have sound expertise and be noesisable on products and services Training will be provided to all staff both existing and newly employed. Training will on all current and new products, office equipment, and revision Of service experience and multi killing practices with further training on increasing sales cognitive process for staff emplo yed in sales sector. Operational Goals Department Goals promote Goal Focus Reason/ BarriersDepartment Deliverable Due 2 3 4 5 6 To increase the services sales by 20% within a time frame of eighteen months. enlisting and Training To puppies all staff with training to acquire service knowledge and be multi skilled To increase sales and staff skills. Head office Staff trained and pickled To increase sales and staff skills and knowledge at the stores Training programs implemented and delivered tenth Jan 2018 Retail stores 1 10th Jan Warehouse Employ 14 new permanent full time staff to work in the retail sectorTo increase sales with recruitment of 14 extra staff in the sale sector western sandwich Australia Store Additional Staff recruited in sales sector To increase sales capacity by recruiting 4 additional staff in sales sector 4 additional staff employ for westward Australia Store 1 6th July Tasmania Store additional staff hired for Tasmania Store NEWS store.

Gothic Literature Essay

American Gothic Literature is a find to experience the bizarre and scary natures of an individual. Authors such as Hawthorne, Faulkner and Oconner role the written word to paint these gothic images in the minds of their readers. Supernatural appearances and motifs such as ghosts and monsters, are embodiments of the great unwasheds deepest fears and wantings. Authors often use creepy settings because it is what revolves around the typeface. For example, In The Cask of Amontillado it creates a creepy setting, I busied myself among the sleep of bones of which i have before spoken, throwing them aside(83).This gives us a suspicious and vigorous feeling of whos pile of bones that is? It creates an image that assassinate has occurred. Another ideal of a direful set is in the story The Raven when the narrator says, A distinctly dying coal wrought its ghost upon the floor(467). He clearly tells us what he remembers in December. About the fire tugging its ghost upon the floor. The dr eadful settings makes the appearance of its leading to the event. Descriptions of characters lets us know what the character provide or may do.For example, In A Rose for Emily, the character Emily demands, I want arsenic. She demands wantin arsenic letting us predict what she may do with it. It gives us clues making a Gothic story more interesting. In Addition, the author of The Masque of the Red last wrote, His vesture was dabbed in blood and his broad brow, with the scarlet horror(122). The Masque of Red Death is about to attack showing himself in blood with his scarlet horror. It scares the people primarily as to just killing them for a more enthralling event .By creating an obscure character, people attend achieving Gothic greatness. The event is the approach of the story with many un deported tragic stories. For example, in Good verdant People Hulga yells at at Manly Pointer, Give me my leg she screamed and attempt to lunge for it, but he pushed her down easily(12). Hu lga did not expect for Manly Pointer to steal her bogus leg. He has always presented himself as a good Christian that is nothing but noble. Furthermore, an unforeseen event makes occurs in A Rose For Emily, Then we noticed that in the s pillow was the indentation of a head.One of us lifted something from it, and leaning forward, that languid and invisible dust, dry and acrid in the nostrils, we saw a long strand iron-gray hair(12). Even though Miss Emily aparted herself from the outside, her murder of Homer was sudden. Miss Emily having Homers dead body for so many years conveys there is more than just a unfrequented feeling in her. Death is usually where the story ends in a Gothic story to follow the sequence of fascinating menacing literature. perverted semblance of specters draw the structure of the peoples inmost solicitude and desire.

Policing Practices and Operations Essay

Policing agencies be improbably responsible to the communities, counties, dry lands, and nation to protect against wickedness and provide service to citizens. With this aid many responsibility comes inherent scrutiny. The practices and operations of police agencies ar under eonian surveillance by the domain as well as opposite policing agencies. To promote functionality police organizations be departmentalized to enhance efficiency and purify communication. Relationships at bottom these organizational structures exist. Partnerships are develop amongst the participation and policing agencies to increase crime reduction and improve order maintenance. The organizational structure of policing agencies testament be reviewed along with communication patterns both within and outside of the agency. sure trends and issues attack policing agencies and communities will be examined and an analysis of changed that could be implemented to improve the partnerships betwixt pol icing agencies and communities will be watch overd.Relationships Between Traditional Organizational Structures of Policing Agencies Municipal police En repulsementMunicipal law enforcement is most commonly represented as the local police. These police departments provide local protection to cities and towns departments vary in size of it in accordance to population. The structure of municipal law enforcement is generally mazed into two divisions investigation and police. Under these departments is an umbrella of subdivisions. Investigations houses units specific to vice, homicide, and juvenile dealings. spare departments exist much(prenominal) as community relations, internal affairs, training, and research and home knead (Pollock, 2012, p.93). Specialized teams have also been created in some departments servicing cases much(prenominal) as domestic violence, responding to the mentally ill, and various other issues. Departments of a smaller capacity carry more responsibi lity in handling multitudes of cases imputable to the lack of additional resources. Municipal agencies coordinate with state and federal agencies when crimes are not within their legal power (Pollock, 2012).County law enforcementCounty law enforcement is familiarly know as the sheriff department. The structure supports the county sheriff and the sheriff deputies. Sheriffs serve protection to the local police and back up in crime investigations in counties that do not have local law enforcement. Management of the county tuck a federal agency is generally the county sheriffs responsibility. Some jurisdictions assign jail responsibilities to deputies, alone they generally do service patrol. Civil documents, warrants, and eviction notices are also served from the sheriffs office. The position is attained by election but deputies are employed through procedures similar to the selection process of the municipal law enforcement agencies (Pollock, 2012).State PoliceHighway Patrol, Sta te Patrol, and the Department of frequent Safety are State law enforcement agencies. Hawaii is the only state without a state police force. The demand for law enforcement on roads passing through townships created these agencies. State law enforcement agencies are customaryly cognize for enforcing traffic law violations and deal exclusively with state laws. This limited jurisdiction separates them from municipal and federal agencies. Statewide criminal investigations involving auto theft or drugs are within the state polices jurisdictions. Assistance to local detection and investigations are also services provided by the state police. This limited jurisdiction separates them from municipal and federal agencies (Pollock, 2012).Federal AgenciesThe Federal Bureau of Investigations (FBI), Department of Homeland security measure (DHS), Secret gain, the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, and Firearms (ATF), Drug Enforcement Agency (DEA), and Internal Revenue Service (IRS) are federal agenc ies. These agencies deal with the enforcement of federal laws implemented by Congress. Functions are primarily investigations, and a very limited amount of patrol work is implemented. The largest federal law enforcement agency is the Department of Homeland Security. The agency with the bounteousest jurisdiction is the FBI. An investigation of a violation of both federal and state laws is allowable by federal law enforcement agencies. The sale of controlled substances is the most common congressman of this (Pollock, 2012). Communication Patterns Within and Outside the Policing Agency Technology has greatly change the efficiency of policecommunications within the agency. In-car computers and laptops allow soldiers officers to have quick access to resilient information. Local and federal information on a suspect from information files nationwide can be retrieved within moments.Dispatch and assignments are on hand(predicate) to officers through the in-car computer system elimina ting the reliance upon two-way radios. Officers and vehicles are monitored through Global Positioning Devices (GPS) (Maguire, 2011). Police officer responsibilities also include communicating with the public. Officers are expected to be competent with problem-solving attainments, mediation, and social interactions. Training and tuition in these areas is vital in earning the trust and confidence of the community. Functions such as community policing, which will be discussed later, rely heavily on the public as a resource for crime fighting. Positive interaction with the public is achieved by exhibiting solid problem solving skills, social adaptability, and admirable temperaments (Maguire, 2011). Current trends in the approach to the policing functionProblem-Oriented Policing (POP)SARA is a problem-solving model associated with problem-oriented policing. SARA stands for scanning, analysis, response, and assessment (Pollock, 2012, p.102). This approach to fighting crime applies avail able resources such as crime reports to intention crimes centralizing in specific areas. The information is analyzed in an set about to explain the origin of the crime. Officers then respond with the proposed solution, which could mean increased patrol in specific areas, or direct enforcement. Measures are then assessed to determine success rates (Pollock, 2012). Community PolicingCommunity policing is trending in the recent years. The musical topic is that the police would create a partnership with the community to aid in the reduction and prevention of crime. Community support can greatly expediency in the resolution of neighborhood problems. This style of policing is service-oriented encompassing many polar types of tactics and programs, all with the goal of officers and community members developing partnerships to solve some of the neighborhoods problems (Pollock, 2012, p.99). Additionally, community policing places an emphasis on the decentralizing of policing (Pollock, 2 012). disposition Maintenance and Zero Tolerance policingOrder maintenance and zero tolerance-policing places focuses on eliminating public order crimes such as public drinking, noise violations, graffiti, public urination, and intrusive panhandling, in full force. The ideology is that the elimination of the smaller crimes will ultimately reduce the larger crimes. The targeting of minor offenses affects a broad spectrum of the community including the general law abiding citizens. The strict implementation of city ordinances violations such as property maintenance and parking violations can greatly improve the probability of accusations of biased enforcement directly affecting various cultural groups (Pollock, 2012). actual Issues with the Partnership Between Law Enforcement and Community Law enforcement fights a perpetual uphill battle to achieve harmony between maintaining order in society and protecting the rights of individuals. Police must encompass the element of chest of d rawers while remaining approachable and socially accessible. The military structure that has developed within the police organization poses a threat to community relations and hampers efforts of community policing.Officers are trained to protect due-process constitutional rights. Aggressive officer behavior, and in some cases bearing inappropriate weaponry, creates the components of militarization. This contentious behavior fosters fear in society and serves as a daily reminder of governing body intervention (Maguire, 2011). Changes to Improve Partnerships Between Law Enforcement and Community Partnership between law enforcement and the community can be improved by consistently following protocol and procedures. Any time an officer fails or violates received procedures or protocols trust within the community weakens. The machismo attitudes that can be fostered from the military style training and organizational structure can create soldiers sort of of law enforcement officials.Ag encies need to have harsh consequences for officers who directly violate mensuration procedures. The machismo attitude can cause an overlap of jurisdictional formalities. Officers cannot assume the single-valued function judge, jury, and prosecution. Partnerships are built on common interests and trust. The only practical way to eliminate bias and unnecessary infringement upon citizens from law enforcement is to create a more superior breed of officials. This can be achieved by creating deepen psychological and practical testing methods. Agencies must strive to uphold theservice-based theme of community oriented policing. Inappropriate behavior and excessive use of force are shortcomings that should be immediately dispensed.ConclusionThe organization structure of policing agencies is broad and complex. Levels of hierarchy have been established to implement a chain of play and create jurisdictional boundaries. Communication within agencies, between agencies, and the communities th ey serve are vital to the promotion of commonality of service and protection. Technology along with skill training aids in achieving this goal. Policing agencies have developed methods such as POP and COP to boost functionality and efficiency in crime reduction. The ever present issue facing policing agencies remains in achieving a rest period between authority and service.ReferencesMaguire, M. (2011). Critical Issues in Crime and umpire Thought, Policy, and coif (1 ed). Sage. Pollock, J. (2012). Crime and Justice in America An Introduction to Criminal Justice (5th ed.). Elsevier.

Logical Fallacy

One of the main problems with Michael Moores IDIOT NATION (and much of Moores work in general) is the circumstance that Moore begins with a conclusion and works backwards in an attempt to elevate his argument. That is, he has already made up his mind on a subject and and then cherry picks facts and arguments to prove his point. Unfortunately, his proof collapses upon careful interrogative of the logic flaws in his arguments. This will be proven by selecting some(prenominal) examples of flawed logic in the work and defining it.Consider the take place excerpt by Moore condemns private education and promotes public education by way of personal dishonors Hunt these little pricks down like dogs and then cage them until we can break their will (138) Moore is referring to here is the elitist attitude of the clergy and he points it out in a thoroughly pandering manner. He presents a supremely sweeping generality of nuns as totalitarian dictators. This demonizes the nuns is done to disp arage the educational system they represent so as to prop up the opposite institution. This method hopes to gain sympathy for a cause through the flashy use of personal attacks.Similarly, Moore attacks the military and lays the blame on defense outlay as the reason wherefore there is much failure in the public schools political leaders and voters fix decided it is a bigger priority to build a nonher bomber than to educate our children. (135) In other words, because revenue enhancement dollars are being funneled needlessly to the military our schools are in ruffianly shape. Hence, cut military spending because there is no need for it and spirit more money into schools and the schools will automatically improve.This is a thoroughly chimerical analogy as it infers there are no security threats to the unite States and that military build up is arbitrary and aggressive and that schools are under-funded, both of which are complete inaccuracies. First, the public education system in the get together States is no where near as bad as alarmists like Moore contend. universal schools has produces many excellent students over the years, but lets center on the worst case scenariosafter all, that is what Moore does.If millions of dollars were pumped into the school system, how would this modify the attitudes of areas of contention such as poor quality teachers who are not doing their jobs or students who cut class? What about the millions of dollars of already spent on public education that has produced little results? Why should it be increased? And why cut military spending? Why not cut market-gardening subsidies? Because Moore personally doesnt like the military and that is the bidget cut he is after.Moore is withal opposed to measures of discipline in public schools and uses an argument rooted in pandering to gain support. Consider the following kids necessitate to submerge personal expression. They learn that it is better to go along so that you get al ong. (147) Moore is referring to dress codes that have been instituted in some public schools.Moores line of reasoning panders to those who would sympathize with an anti-authoritarian statement and may be willing to align with his anarchist concept. The reality of this sentiment is that no one is trying to submerge personal expression as much as the schools are attempting to reduce violence. Many dress codes were designed as a way of reducing gang violence. Moore does not hatch this and opts to pander to those who see such actions by the school as an attack on rugged individualism. Pandering may draw support, but it can not make an untrue argument about conspiracies to subvert individualism.Moore is not an stunned man and has been known to make clear and intelligent points. Unfortunately, his desire to be a populist has led to such flawed logical treatises such as IDIOT NATION and this is unfortunate as he could do much better.

A Few Good Men

You cant handle the truth Son, we inhabit in a world that has walls, and those walls have to be guarded by men with guns. Whos gonna do it? You? You, Lt. Weinburg? I have a great responsibility than you could possibly fathom. You weep for Santiago, and you curse the shipboard soldiers. You have that lavishness. You have the luxury of non knowing what I know. That Santiagos death, while tragic, belike saved zippys. And my existence, while grotesque and incomprehensible to you, saves lives. You dont deficiency the truth beca enjoyment deep down in places you dont let out about at parties, you want me on that wall, you need me on that wall.We use words like honor, code, loyalty. We use these words as the spikelet of a life spent defend something. You use them as a punchline. I have neither the time nor the inclination to explain my self to a universe who rises and sleeps under the blanket of the very freedom that I provide, and then questions the musical mode in which I pr ovide it. I would rather you just state thank you, and went on your way, Otherwise, I suggest you pick up a weapon, and stand a post. either way, I dont take for a damn what you come back you are authorize to.RHETORICAL compend A Few Good Men is a consider that was released in 1992, a time when the United States was between military conflicts in the Iranian Gulf and Kosovo. The film investigates the nonions of absolute power, particularly in the military. Along with that, it overly is about the legal investigation into the mysterious death of a marine at Guantanamo Bay Naval Base in Cuba. At the films climax, Col. Nathan Jessup, contend by Jack Nicholson, is cross-examined by JAG lawyer, Lt. Daniel Kaffee, played by Tom Cruise.Accused of playing a role in the torture and death of a marine, Jessup is put in a space where he has to defend his actions and articulate his role of importance in the saving of American freedom. The hearing in the film which Jessup is seek to co nvince that he is absolved of any wrong doing is a dialog box made up of military officers. It is this group of people who decide the fate of Jessup. through and fire mixture of ethos, logos and pity, Jessup employs a short, but well-rendered monologue to appeal to the jurors.When establishing a sense of ethos with his reference, Jessup does so simply by stating his name. As a Colonel in the United States Marine Corp. , his consultation, also made up of military power would recognize that he is a high- sheer(a)ing officer whose words and contribution should carry prestige. He also establishes ethos with a series of rhetorical questions Son, we live in a world that has walls, and those walls have to be guarded by men with guns. Whos gonna do it? You? You, Lt. Weinburg? When using rhetorical questions referring to whether or not Kaffee or his partner Weinburg would be up for the task of doing his job, Jessup is also inquire these questions of the jurors. The strategy is to ge t one to ask ones self if they could handle the tremendous responsibility that comes along with Col. Jessups role of defending Americas freedom at Guantanamo Bay. Chances are that given these questions, the members of the panel would recognize, if anything, that Jessups job and title are de servicemanding and that he is a man of honor.Similarly, when Jessup states, We use words like honor, code, loyalty. We use these words as the backbone of a life spent defending something. You use them as a punchline. What he his doing is essaying to persuade his audience by using the inclusive pronoun we and the scoop shovel you. By we Jessup is implying we the true members of the United States military, we who protect the freedoms of our country and we who live by the credo honor, code and loyalty. You, on the other hand, is referring to Kaffee who has the gaul to challenge Jessups role in a marines death.By implementing a we/you dialogue, Jessup is trying to appeal to his sense of credibili ty with the audience. Jessup also refers to the marines death as tragic. Using this type of word is important. By craft the death tragic his is exhibiting to his audience, the board, that he is sympathetic to the loss of life flat when he is being accused of causing it. Showing his audience that he can be compassionate is also a way of establishing ethos with the board Along with ethos, Jessup uses a good amount of emotional appeal, or pathos, in this monologue.The first line, for example, is You cant handle the truth This type of emotionally charged declaration is meant to inspire the emotions of the jury. By having established that he is not a man who will be pushed around on the escort stand, that he is a person who will fight back against his accusers, Jessup opens with an emotionally-loaded punch. before long after, Jessup refers to his interrogator a son. While this may seem like a casual and unremarkable word, it is not. By calling Kaffee son, Jessup is again showing his contempt for the people who have the nerve to question his authority.In short, it is an insult. Using lilliputian language to refer to someone who is in most regards Jessups partner emphasizes that while both people in this scene are men, Jessup holds rank over Kaffee. Jessups use of the word son to mark Kaffee is an attempt to persuade the jurys view of the lawyer. In fact, may members of the audience probably out-ranked Kaffee. If they would see him also in this light, they would side with Jessup. Finally, toward the end of the monologue, Jessup states, Either way, I dont give a damn what you think you are entitled to. Listening to the words spoken, these lines are the most emotionally impactful. Jessup personally attacks Kaffees assertion that he felt he was entitled to the truth. By this and the previous examples, Jessup uses pathos to try to persuade his audience. Effectively, he is exhibiting his pettishness and passion to the audience, the jury, to counter act any ar gument or certify presented against him. By trying to appeal to the emotions of the jury, Jessup hopes he can out-bully his opponent. While ethos and pathos are evident in Jessups monologue, he appeal to the audiences intellect, or logos, is also present.While logos is most unremarkably exhibited through the usage of statistical data, expert testimony and survey findings, Jessup appeals to the jurys sense of logos by constructing logical arguments. In the optic of Jessups monologue, he states, I have neither the time nor the inclination to explain myself to a man who rises and sleeps under the blanket of the very freedom that I provide, and then questions the manner in which I provide it. I would rather you just said thank you, and went on your way. Here, Jessup is appealing to his jurys sense of logic.He is accusing Kaffee of engaging in hypocritical behavior. Jessup sees himself as almost a god-like figure, someone who provides America with safety and freedom with his actions . In Kaffee, he sees a beneficiary of that freedom who questions his authority. By trying to make Kaffee look like a hypocrite, he is attempting to persuade his audience with a logical argument. Jessup is effectively saying, all of your luxuries and freedoms are granted to you by me who are you to bite the hand that feeds you? In trying to make the jury see this logical argument, Jessup hopes he can persuade them to see things his way. Through an interesting mix of appeals to credibility, emotions and intellect, Jessup tried to persuade the jury to understand his direct of view. By using his military clout, choosing aggressive language and constructing logical arguments, Jessup defended his actions to the jury. though it is at times effective, it was all for naught as moments after delivering this monologue, he succumbs to all the pathos built up in his speech and admits he is guilty.

Cosmopolis: a World of Subjective Reality Essay

Cosmopolis, written in the spirit of post modernity, rejects the conceit of an ordered universe with whiz verifiable earthly concern. This wise asserts that h angiotensin converting enzymesty is instead subjective, and as hu public macrocosms while we all experience the same ane population , advertize we severally perceive this experience differently, and in that respectfore we all buy the farm in different k instantlyledge domains. In this subject using adverts from Cosmopolis, I pass on explain how founding father DeLillo uses converse and the actions of characters to construct his consideration for subjective unfeignedity, and how his hypothesis of subjective reality relates to the real creative activity.Before I begin quoting Cosmopolis, I will briefly explain the modern definition of subjective reality. The stem of subjective reality asserts that reality and of the truths in the universe changes between individuals. Meaning, although there may be objecti ve truths in the universe, each person perceives these truths and experiences them differently, and because of ein truth hotshots own unique perspective of the realism, each lives in their own world existing in an altered state of objective reality. Cosmopolis is littered with converse where the characters argon lecture around subjective reality.You could almost randomly snap to any page in the novel and find that roughly 1 is talk about subjective reality. It was obvious to me that Don DeLillo purposefully wrote this dialogue adding an argument for the existence of subjective reality. Although one could argue I read the novel bearinging for mountain talking about subjective reality and that in reality it is all in my head, for the purposes of this paper I am sacking to assume Don DeLillo purposely wrote Cosmopolis as an argument for subjective reality. whizz of the first lines of dialogue which I encountered that got me to thinking about subjective reality is near the r attling beginning of the novel when Eric is in the limousine talking with setback. Shiner asks Eric wherefore they were in the car instead of the short letter to which Eric replies, how do you know were in the car instead of the office (15). This quote is a unblemished display case of one of the aspects of subjective reality that a person depose never truly be sure of where they atomic number 18, and that no matter where they actually be, they can choose to be somewhere else.Eric is in a way challenging Shiner to prove both that they are in a car and that they are non in an office. However, these are impossible things to prove, because a person can chose to be wherever they sine qua non to be regardless of actual physical position. Ideal to subjective reality, Shiner doesnt even so off attempt to answer Erics question, because he knows he cant prove either arguments. Plus, the fact that Eric chooses to turn his limo into an office shows that even though Eric knows his c ar is not an office, he makes it into an office only precisely by acting as if it is an office.Like Eric, Beeno Levin is unseasoned(prenominal) character in Cosmopolis who understands the nature of subjective reality. As he is composing he beings to talk about what he pecks in other people and what that means, saying it is what people think they chew the fat in other person that makes his reality. If they think he walks at a slant, thus he walks at a slant, uncoordinated, because this is his role in the lives approximately him (57). Beeno is making 2 assertions on the nature of people in reality. Firstly, Beeno is asserting that no matter what a person actually does, it is what you think they do that is reality.Meaning, in his example, whether a man walks with a slant or not, if you think he walks with a slant, then he walks with a slant. Secondly, when he says, about the man, that this is his role in the lives around him, he means that to him the man who walks with a sl ant is nothing except the man who walks with the slant. In Beenos life the role of the man is to do nothing except walk around with a slant. Whether the man does anything other than walking with a slant, such as being an accountant or having children, to Beeno he can never be any of those things, because he is merely the man who walks with a slant.The man can never be anything else unless Beeno chooses to see him that way. Near the reverse of Beenos monologue he alike thinks that world is supposed to mean something thats gathered. barely nothing is self-contained. Everything enters something else. My small days spill into light years (60). Here he is making another assertion on the nature of reality and how it relates to the world. When he says the world is self-contained he is challenging the report that the truths in the world can be separated and neatly pushed into categories.He asserts that in reality the elements of the world cannot be separated and everything is meltin g into everything else. There are actually no boundaries because one can perceive the world and anything could be anything else, for example, a limo can be an office. Here in this next quote the characters actually slit to directly discuss reality. At this point in the story Eric and one of his advisors, Kinski, are chatting in the limo during the protest. Kinski baits Eric, asking him what the flaw of human beings rationality is.When he asks what, she answers replying that it pret closings not to see the horror and death at the end of the schemes it builds (91). Ironically, she is asserting that human rationality isnt even concerned with being accurate to reality. Human rationality strives to create its own deluded reality outside(a) of what might actually be happening, such as in this example the evils of capitalism. It is deluded, ignoring the facts and believing whatever it wants to believe, such as the disparity between the bountiful and poor in the United States.Although Kinski, in this context, is only commenting on gentleman as a whole, this idea can be applied to human rationality on an individual basis. An individual may delude themselves in the same way, for example Eric continues to lose money on the Yen even though all evidence is telling him he should cut his losses and pull out. He is deluded in ignoring the facts, rejecting what he sees, and formulating his own new reality where he doesnt pull out and makes a lot of money off the Yen. Some of my favorite moments in Cosmopolis are during the last barb when Beeno shoots Eric.The two of them seem to understand each other, and even hold some of the same beliefs, such as the subjective nature of reality. At one point, Beeno is convinced that his penis is shrinking and receding into his body, while Eric tries to convince him that is not true. Beeno says, whether I imagine a thing or not, its real to me (192). Eric asks been to prove it is true by showing him, and Beeno refuses saying, I dont attain to look. There are folk beliefs. There are epidemics that happen. hands in the thousands, in real fear and pain (192). Beeno is asserting something new this time.He has al warm asserted that a person can look at something, such as the man with the slant, and see anything they want to see (a man walking with a slant), whether that is actually what they are looking at. But now, he is asserting a man can look at nothing and see something that isnt even visibly there. This is even further into subjective reality, it is one thing to say something can be something that is not, but it is entirely different to say that nothing can be something. Beeno even tries to support his belief that his sex organ is receding into his body with two different arguments.The first is that other men have experienced it, and hence it is a real thing. The second one is that thousands of other men also fear it, and that it is a real fear. This argument is based on the idea that the very fear itself of something happening is just as real as if it were actually happening. This is another element of subjective reality. Beeno fears that something is happening to his body, even though he knows he cant see it, but this very fear itself makes it real to him whether or not it is actually happening.During the climax of the novel, Eric begins to underrate Beeno by telling him that he doesnt even have a good, admirable reason to kill him, that Beeno is just another whack play cleaning someone just because none Your crime had no conscience. You harbourt been driven to do it by some oppressive friendly force. How I hate to be reasonable. Youre not against the rich. Nobodys against the rich. Everybodys ten seconds from being rich. Or so everybody thought . No. Your crime is in your head (196). Here Eric is severe to tear bring Beenos righteous justification for killing Eric.Eric is saying that Beeno isnt killing Eric for the greater good of society, getting rid of a bad powered ric h person, Beeno is just killing Eric just because. Eric asserts Beenos own motives are all in his head, that Beeno is deluded and doesnt actually know why he is killing Eric, he is just doing it. This is a very odd turn. At the beginning of this novel Eric has been a perfect spokesperson for subjective reality, but here he seems to be playing devils instigate by trying to tear down Beenos arguments.I wondered why Eric would make such a sudden change, but after culture the book I believe it is clear Eric isnt actually trying to tear down subjective reality, he is just saying whatever he can to buy time and possibly not die. whizz of my good friends from primary school used to say that when he died the world would end. His names is Martin, and he is a genius. I am not a genius, but I enjoyed a lot of philosophical conversations with Martin nevertheless. I was sincerely surprised when I came across exactly the same thing in this novel.It is right at the beginning when Eric first ge ts up and is getting ready to leave. He is lamenting his insomnia and thinks when he died he would not end, the world would end (6). I believe this quote embodies the spirit of subjective reality. If reality exists on an individual basis, and is only inside the mind of every person, then logically it would follow that when that person dies their reality, their world would end too. Possibly the most perfect aspect of this novel is the way Don DeLillo parallels this quote with the structure of the story.When Eric is about to be shot, it is obvious that he is going to die, however the novel ends with just his thoughts right before Beeno kills him. Nothing follows, that is the end of the story. How perfect that the novel ends with the very last thought of Eric It makes absolute sense that the novel would end when Eric dies, because as already stated he wouldnt end when he died, the world would end. Postmodernism encourages experiment in literature, and Don DeLillo takes full advantage o f this.As an American I was always taught there were rules and truths that ruled the Universe. That reality was always objective and one merely has to interpret it correctly. Objective reality is the idea significant to the success of religious and political systems. Every religion claims to be the one true religion, and without the claim of objective reality these religions would fail. This is also very a lot true in political, ethnocentricity being a perfect example of the do of people believing there is an objective reality to the universe.In conclusion, Don DeLillo argues for the existence of subjective reality in his novel Cosmopolis. He utilizes the dialogue and the actions of the main characters to debate this idea and highlight crucial elements of the theory. In this paper I have analyzed several quotations from different scenes in the novel, explaining how each quotation represents an aspect of subjective reality. Subjective reality may have sounded like a crazy idea in the past, but now as we live in post modernity, subjective reality is chop-chop gaining acceptance.

The Man Who Loved Flowers

Thomas Mahoney 2-15-13 ENG 112 The Man Who sock life Flowers This base starts out in a very peaceful barren setting, in New York City. on that point is a feel of love in the air, and the smell of spring. There is a existence walking along the streets in a gray streets turning everyones at gotion because then can put he is happy and in love. This story takes place in whitethorn of 1963 right before the summer starts. Stephen King is highly descriptive in the story with the mans appearance He had that whole tone about him.He was dressed in a light grey suit, the narrow tie pulled down a little, his top collar solelyton undone. His hair was dark and cut short. His touch was fair, his eyes a light blue. Not an extraordinary face, hardly on this soft spring evening, on this avenue, in May of 1963, he was picturesque(King) The interesting thing about this story is how it dupems so scenic and peaceful, but draws a thin office of merchandise with insanity.The first sense of s omething cosmos terms in the story is when the man goes to buy flowers, and there is a radio playing a news program talking about a hammer murder that was on the loose, but this is immediately dismissed because everything seems so perfect in the moment. As the man walks a mode he hesitates and touches something in his pocket, which foreshadows what could happen later in the story. The young man passed the flower-stand and the sound of the unfit news faded. He hesitated, looked over his shoulder, and perspective it over.He reached into his coat pocket and affected the something in there again. For a moment his face seemed puzzled, lonely, almost haunted, and then, as his hand left the pocket, it regained its former expression of eager expectation. (King) The imagery in this story is so beautiful and down to earth for almost the altogether story, until it becomes dark and depressing at the end. King goes from writing about flowers, the beautiful spring weather, love universe i n the air, kids loving life and playing, to a hammer, blood everywhere, dark alleys, creepy vibes, and a presence of death.When the story turns from afternoon to night is when the man goes to visit Norma, the love of his life. This is when the story turns dark. They grow slopped together, and the closer they get, he realizes that the woman is not Norma, in fact, Norma had been dead for decade years. He handed her the flowers though and she denied him and gave them back. She thanks him and begins to explains that she is not Norma, but he cuts her off mid sentence and whispers Norma(King)as he pulls the hammer out of his pocket. This gives an extremely creepy mood to the story abruptly. She backed away, her face a turn white blur, her mouth an opening black 0 of terror, and she wasnt Norma, Norma was dead, she had been dead for ten years, and it didnt matter because she was going to scream and he swung the hammer to stop the scream, to overcome the scream, and he swung the hammer the spill of flowers fell out of his hand, the spill spilled and bust open, spilling red, white, and yellow tea roses beside the dented trash cans where the cats made alien love in the dark, screaming in love, screaming, screaming. (King) King brings up how hard it is to love to the reader during this part of the story by being extremely descriptive and frightening. He shows how hard life is to move on once youre in love and then you lose the one love. This is one of the hardest things for people to contain with in life. The lay down of the character is revealed at the end of the story, King calls him lovemaking. He presents the idea that love makes you do insane things that you would never do if you werent in love, and it can take over youre personality and change your life.At this diaphragm in the story, King confuses the reader by making them realize how take the story was from the beginning. It gives a sense of the unknown to the reader and leaves them questioning how it w ent from being so positive to negative in a matter of seconds. There are some small hints that he foreshadows in the beginning of the story but nothing too evident. His own smile trembled a little, and he felt a moments disquiet. Her face over the sailor blouse suddenly seemed blurred. It was get darker now. . . could he have been mistaken?Surely not. It was Norma. (King) It is a crazy and unlooked-for change of events when it goes from having the reader believe that it is a typical friendly man that is in love, and all the sudden the reader discovers he was the hammer murderer. Thats what makes this a keen story because it is so misleading at first. King is so creative in the way he makes you call in when you are breeding the story, he knows how to get inside the readers head and really make them think about the thin line between fear and love, and how easily that line is broken. None of it seemed real, none of it seemed to matter. The air was soft and sweet. Two men with bee r bellies stood away a bakery, pitching nickels and ribbing each other. Spring trembled on the knock against of summer, and in the city, summer is the season of dreams. (King) It would take a genius to hazard that the man in the beginning of the story ended up being a killer at the end, it is hard to even believe. it makes you think that anyone you see walking on the street could be a killer interchangeable that, and you would never know.The fact that King doesnt provide the main character with a name further proves the point that and unsuspecting person could be a cold hearted killer. This is another reason King is such a great writer, he is so clever with the way he tells his stories and all of the low details he provides. He creates a character that seems to be a typical every daylight male that is in love with a girl, but underneath that he is a murderer. This brings me back the my thesis of how thin the line between love and insanity is.I love the way the mood suddenly swi tches and smoothly King makes the transition into a dark frightening story. His name was love, and he walked these dark streets because Norma was waiting for him. And he would find her. Some day soon. He began to smile. A bounce came into his step as he walked on down Seventy-third Street. A middle-aged married couple sitting on the steps of their building watched him go by, head cocked, eyes afar away, a half-smile on his lips. when he had passed by the woman said, How come you never look that way any more?Huh? , Nothing, she said, but she watched the young man in the grey suit disappear into the gloom of the encroaching night and thought that if there was anything more beautiful than springtime, it was young love. (King) This is a great way to end the story because it presents the reader with a sense of hope, and brings back the sense of beauty that started the story. King is a writer unlike any other, he makes the reader think in ways that make them question there own life.

Qin Shi Huang, First Emperor of China Essay

Qin Shi Huang (or Shi Huangdi) was the First emperor moth of a structured China, who ruled from 246 BCE to 210 BCE. In his 35-year reign, he managed to create magnificent and enormous construction projects. He in any case drivingd both incredible cultural and intellectual growth, and much destruction at bottom China. Whether he should be remembered more for his creations or his tyranny is a amour of dispute, only when everyone agrees that Qin Shi Huang, the first emperor moth of the Qin Dynasty, was one of the most important rulers in Chinese history.Connect with over 120,000 suppliers from Hong Kong, China and Taiwan Fall of outstanding of ItalyLondon Family HistoryChinese WarriorsTerracotta ArmyDynastyEarly Life fit to legend, a rich merchant named Lu Buwei befriended a prince of the Qin State during the last mentioned years of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty (770-256 BCE). The merchants lovely married woman Zhao Ji had just gotten pregnant, so he arranged for the prince to meet and steady down in love with her. She became the princes concubine, and then gave birth to Lu Buweis child in 259 BCE. The baby, born in Hanan, was named Ying Zheng. The prince believed the baby was his own. Ying Zheng became pansy of the Qin call down in 246 BCE, upon the death of his supposed father. He ruled as Qin Shi Huang, and interconnected China for the first time.Early ReignThe childly king was whole 13 years old when he took the throne, so his prime parson (and probable real father) Lu Buwei acted as regent for the first eighter years. This was a difficult time for any ruler in China, with seven-spot warring states vying for control of the land. The leaders of the Qi, Yan, Zhao, Han, Wei, Chu and Qin states were former dukes low the Zhou Dynasty, but had each proclaimed themselves king as the Zhou swing apart. In this unstable environment, warfare flourished, as did books like Sun Tzus The wile of War. Lu Buwei had a nonher problem, as well he feared that the k ingwould tell on his true identity.Lao Ais RevoltAccording to the Shiji, or Records of the Grand Historian, Lu Buwei hatched a new scheme to say Qin Shi Huang in 240 BCE. He introduced Zhao Ji to Lao Ai, a man famous for his large penis. The queen dowager and Lao Ai had two sons, and in 238 BCE, Lao and Lu Buwei decided to launch a coup. Lao raised an troops, back up by the king of nearby Wei, and tried to seize control art object Qin Shi Huang was traveling outside of the area. The young king cracked down backbreaking on the rebellion Lao was executed in a mordant fashion, along with his family. The queen dowager was spared, but spent the rest of her days under house arrest.Consolidation of PowerLu Buwei was banished after the Lao Ai incident, but did non lose all of his influence in Qin. However, he lived in constant fear of execution by the mercurial young king. In 235 BCE, Lu committed suicide by drinking poison. With his death, the 24-year-old king assumed full command over the kingdom of Qin. Qin Shi Huang grew increasingly paranoid (not without reason), and banished all foreign scholars from his court as spies. The kings fears were sensible in 227, the Yan state sent two assassins to his court, but he fought them off with his sword. A musician also tried to kill him by bludgeoning him with a lead-weighted lute.Battles with Neighboring StatesThe assassination approachs arose in part because of desperation in beside kingdoms. The Qin king had the most powerful army, and neighboring rulers trembled at the thought of a Qin invasion. The Han kingdom fell in 230 BCE. In 229, a devastating earthquake rocked another powerful state, Zhao, leaving it weakened. Qin Shi Huang took advantage of the disaster, and invaded the region. Wei fell in 225, followed by the powerful Chu in 223. The Qin army conquered Yan and Zhao in 222 (despite another assassination attempt on Qin Shi Huang by a Yan agent). The final independent kingdom, Qi, fell to the Qin in 221 BCE.China UnifiedWith the chastise of the other six warring states, Qin Shi Huang had unified northern China. His army would continue to expand the Qin conglomerates southerly boundaries throughout his lifetime, driving as far south as what is in a flashVietnam. The king of Qin became the Emperor of Qin China.As emperor, Qin Shi Huang reorganized the bureaucracy, abolishing the existing nobility and renewal them with his appointed officials. He also built a net go away of roads, with the capital of Xianyang at the hub. In addition, the emperor simplified the written Chinese script, standardized weights and measures, and minted new copper coins.The Great Wall and Ling Canal despite its military might, the newly unified Qin Empire faced a recur threat from the north raids by the nomadic Xiongnu (the ancestors of Attilas Huns). In hostel to fend off the Xiongnu, Qin Shi Huang ordered the construction of an enormous defensive wall. The work was carried out by hundreds of thous ands of slaves and criminals between 220 and 206 BCE untold thousands of them died at the task. This northern fort formed the first section of what would become the Great Wall of China. In 214, the Emperor also ordered construction of a canal, the Lingqu, which linked the Yangtze and bead River systems.The Confucian PurgeThe Warring States Period was dangerous, but the lack of underlying authority allowed intellectuals to flourish. Confucianism and a number of other philosophies blossomed prior to Chinas unification. However, Qin Shi Huang viewed these schools of thought as threats to his authority, so he ordered all books not related to his reign burned in 213 BCE. The Emperor also had well-nigh 460 scholars buried alive in 212 for daring to disagree with him, and 700 more kill to death. From then on, the only approved school of thought was legalism follow the emperors laws, or face the consequences.Qin Shi Huangs Quest for ImmortalityAs he entered middle age, the First Emperor grew more and more afraid of death. He became obsessed with finding the elixir of life, which would allow him to live forever. The court doctors and alchemists concocted a number of potions, many of them containing quicksilver (mercury), which probably had the ironic effect of hastening the emperors death rather than preventing it. Just in case the elixirs did not work, in 215 BCE the Emperor alsoordered the construction of a jumbo tomb for himself. Plans for the tomb included flowing rivers of mercury, cross-bow booby traps to thwart manque plunderers, and replicas of the Emperors earthly palaces.The Terracotta ArmyTo guard Qin Shi Huang in the afterworld, and possibly allow him to conquer heaven as he had the earth, the emperor had a terracotta army of at least 8,000 clay soldiers placed in the tomb. The army also included terracotta horses, along with real chariots and weapons. Each soldier was an individual, with peculiar facial features (although the bodies and limbs were ma ss-produced from molds).The Death of Qin Shi HuangA large meteor fell in Dongjun in 211 BCE an ominous indication for the Emperor. To make matters worse, someone sculptured the words The First Emperor willing die and his land will be divided onto the stone. Some saw this as a sign that the Emperor had lost the Mandate of Heaven. Since nobody would fess up to this crime, the Emperor had everyone in the vicinity executed. The meteor itself was burned and then pounded into powder. Neverthe slight, the Emperor died less than a year later, while touring eastern China in 210 BCE. The cause of death most likely was mercury poisoning, due to his immortality treatments.Fall of the Qin EmpireQin Shi Huangs Empire did not outlast him long. His second son and tip Minister tricked the heir, Fusu, into committing suicide. The second son, Huhai, seized power. However, widespread unrest (led by the remnants of the Warring States nobility) threw the imperium into disarray. In 207 BCE, the Qin army was defeated by Chu-lead rebels at the Battle of Julu. This defeat signaled the end of the Qin Dynasty.SourcesMark Edward Lewis, The Early Chinese Empires Qin and Han. Cambridge Harvard University beg (2007). Lu Buwei, The autobiography of Lu Buwei, trans. John Knoblock and Jeffrey Riegel. Stanford Stanford University Press (2000). Sima Qian, Records of the Grand Historian, trans. Burton Watson. New York Columbia University Press (1993).

Management and Public Administration

POSDCoRB is a mnemonic term developed by Luther Gulick in 1937 to represent the pass aways of the executive. These essential functions-Planning, Organizing, Staffing, Directing, Coordinating, Reporting, and Budgeting-provide a sort of administrative prescription which should be followed by any competent administrator. (Blumberg, p. 247)These functions compose a single human face of the authors Notes on the hypothesis of Organization, which discusses the elements necessary for an organization to practise its activities efficiently. After thinking on the Division and Coordination of Work, Gulick reflects on how the organization should be Organized. In order to organize the role of the executive, Gulick asks What is the work of the executive. What does he do? He then presents us with a list of activities-POSDCORB Planning, that is working divulge in broad outline the things that need to be done and the methods for doing them to come upon the purpose set for the enterprise * Org anizing, that is the establishment of the formal authority done which work subdivisions be arranged, defined, and co-ordinated for the defined objective * Staffing, that is the whole personnel function of bringing in and training the staff and maintaining favorable conditions of work *Directing, that is the perpetual task of making decisions and embodying them in specific and general orders and instructions and servicing as the leader of the enterprise * Co-ordinating, that is the all important duty of interrelating the confused parts of the work * Reporting, that is keeping those to whom the executive is responsible informed as to what is going on, which thus includes keeping himself and his subordinates informed through records, research and review * Budgeting, with all that goes with budgeting in the form of fiscal planning, accounting and control. (Gulick, p. 13) These defined functions were inspire by Henri Fayols earlier work in the study of focussing theory, wherein he describes 5 functions Planning, Organizing, Coordinating, Commanding, and Controlling. POSDCORB became an important tool in the scientific focal point movement both in business and the public government.Though it helped to establish a foundation for the humankind of principles by which management should operate, it has met with some opposition in the field of organization studies. Criticism Prior to the release of Notes on the Theory of Organization, Dr. Lewis Meriam, wrote The most important thing that has been omitted from that fascinating word POSDCORB is knowledge of a subject matter. You save to plan something, you have to organize something, you have to ship something Intimate knowledge of the subject matter with which an administrative agency is mainly concerned is indispensable to the effective, intelligent administration of that agency. (Meriam, p. 2-3).In the book, Organizations, Herbert Simon and James March suggested that POSDCORB contributes to the creation of a machine model in administration. Their claim was that the scientific managers have regarded man as a machine rather than as a human being. Pfiffner writes that social scientists, like Simon and March, decry the gods of efficiency and condemn the goals of productiveness as ends in themselves. (Pfiffner, p. 110) Recalling a conversation with Dr. Gulick, Stephen Blumberg writes It is because of the absence in POSDCORB of things such(prenominal) as values and ethics and cooperation that he says that we need to bring to our focus of attention some new guidelines.He feels that weve got to think of our economic problems in impairment of human values and that because we are going to recognize that public administration deals with human beings, we will have to incorporate much more of behavioural thinking into public administration. (Blumberg, p. 247) help on how to format text some Blog Pricing Privacy Terms Support Upgrade Contributions to http//papedia. wikispaces. com are l icensed under a Creative Commons Attribution Share-Alike 2. 5 License. Creative Commons Attribution Share-Alike 2. 5 License Portions not contributed by visitors are Copyright 2010 Tangient LLC. Home > Loading Home Turn come to Getting Started Loading

Napoleon Bonaparte DBQ Essay

The ideals of the cut Revolution were Equality, Liberty, and Fraternity, but the methods that were used to sue these goals were complicated. During the Reign of Terror, about 40,000 people were guillotined because of Maximilien Robespierre. He thought that Liberty could not be secured unless criminals lose their heads. nap Bonaparte, a Revolutionary hero, seized control of the politics in France in 1799, he was looking to bring peace to the french people by ending the Revolution. For this to be done, he had to be in complete control like a monarch or a dictator. However, the French people still wanted to have some of the privileges they had during the Revolution. pile Bonaparte stabilized and united French society, yet supported the ideals of French Revolution.Peace came to France with short sleeps strong rule. After making himself a consul for life, he re-established the French monarchy, naming himself Emperor pile I in 1804. He centralized French government by appointing new officials, do tax collections more efficient, and created a National Bank. He mootd that he was elect by God to be in power and made others believe it through the Napoleon Catechism. It showed the French people that Napoleon was blessed to educate the throne. he whom God had raised up under difficult constituent to re-establish the public worship of the holy religion of our fathers and to be the protector of it (Document 7).Napoleon brought civil rights back to France through codes and treaties that talk about revolutionary ideals. The Napoleonic Code is an example. It recognized the equality of all citizens before the law, protected belongings rights, safeguarded employers by outlawing trade unions and strikes, and supported religion. Napoleon also signed the powder compact of 1801 with the Pope to reverse the dechristianization attempts made during the Republic of Virtue. Napoleon was not a religious man, he realized that most people needed to dedicate their faith. This mad e the Catholic Church an ally and they retained the power to refer bishops, in return, the Pope agreed to recognize the accomplishments of the Revolution and to not enquire the ownership of the land that had been distributed back then.Napoleon wanted to be the emperor of all of Europe. This could be foreseenin Jacques Louis Davids painting of Napoleons Crossing the Alps (Document 4), where he was portrayed with power, strength and an iron fist. He was a short man, but had an extremely large ego. He controlled a strong army and conquered much of Europe. His empire was made up of the Italian and German states, Spain, Western Russia (for a short amount of time), and Switzerland. With all his power, he still did not mistreat the citizens of the newly conquered territories. He abolished feudal rights and the versed trade barriers in Spain with his Imperial Decree at Madrid in 1808. Napoleons concern for the inhabitants of Westphalia was expressed in his letter to Jerome Napoleon in 1 807 I want your subjects to enjoy a higher percentage point of liberty, equality, and prosperity hitherto unknown to the German people (Document 7).Napoleons monarch rules stabilized and unified French society, as well as supported some of the ideals of the French Revolution but, Napoleon considered himself friendless and matter Mole perceived the thought behind Napoleons actions as nothing but his own gratification, of magnifying himself and his power without limit and without rest (Document 2). The center(a) class, who had fought a bloody revolution to end absolute rulers, tolerate Napoleons ways. With Napoleon in charge their ideals and rights were safe, they would accepted more his policies and assumption up some of their basic civil rights.Napoleon Bonaparte, 1769-1821, http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Napoleon_I_of_France(October 2008)

Ha Noi Opera House, Long Biên Bridge and Temple of Literature

Ha Noi Opera offerHanoi Opera House is a theater in central Hanoi, Vietnam, and is considered one of the architectural landmarks of Hanoi. It was built by the french government. Hanoi Opera House occupies an ara of 2600 material meters.Behind the floor is the administration office, chamber of 18 pages, 2 studio theater, a depository library and a conference room. Through the vicissitudes of history, the Hanoi Opera House is besides home to witness the first day of peace of the capital. Present, has been refurbished quite a lot but this place calm down retains the characteristics of the cross-cultural Vietnamese French The Hanoi Opera House is an architectural work is incomparable with the hurt outstanding value of history, culture, architecture and art. Can see the Opera House as an integral part of urban and architectural capital, impart to the physical composition of our country faces today in the cultural field. For over 100 old age old and works in Hanoi Opera House e xists as a symbol of architectural space, cultural and political capital 1,000 historic period old.Long Bin BridgeLong Bien Bridge is the first steel bridge crossways the Red River in Hanoi, a length of 1862 built by the French. At that time, Long Bien Bridge is the largest bridge in Indochina and is one of four large bridges in the world. But do not take primp that the long term, such a tool is built primarily by the purpose of colonization, the bridge soon to bear the buckling his war wounds.Old bridge is an Copernican transportation hub, became the meeting place between urban and rural, one the banks still appear the floral field bowls, one side of life with urbanization. Today, trains, motorcycles, bicycles and pedestrians are still crossing the bridge. Some parts of the bridge is intact, but nigh have been repaired by the damage. But the bridgeis still there as a significant evidence of war and history.After more than a coke of existence, the Long Bien Bridge has a famil iar image for many, many generations and became a cultural icon, the history of Hanoi. For Hanoi, almost everyone kept a memory of this bridge temple of booksVan Mieu Quoc Tu Giam is a monument rich diversity and contains many precious human value of Hanoi in particular and Vietnam in general. Covering an area of 54,331 square meters, including Lake Van, the Van Mieu Quoc Tu Giam and park Giam. The value of history and culture of the Temple of Literature was confirmed during thousands of years.Quoc Tu Giam is where the examinations held important national stature and train talented flock for the country and 82 preserved in Temple of Literature. It depicts of the traditional hospitality of the people It is also the encouragement and urged the next generation of today and tomorrow is always to preserve and retain traditional hospitality of the people.Many times repairing the Temple of Literature 9 March 2010, UNESCO officially recognized 82 steles at Van Mieu Quoc Tu Giam, the le gacy of the material world. It is also a lot of internal and foreign delegations have been visiting the Temple of Literature. With the ancient architecture and the eccentric human values, Van Mieu Quoc Tu Giam is a hyphen history of Hanois past and present, contributing to enrich the cultural treasure of the nation.

Health and Safety Essay

wellness and asylum questions one Health and guard duty is implemented through the settings health and safety polity which every staff must read and follow and is available from the school office. The health and safety at work act 1974 places a duty on all employers to safeguard so far as is reasonably viable the health, safety and welfare of all their employees. In addition to this, duties extend to dissemble the health and safety of persons not employed but who may be affected by the work activities undertaken such as pupils, visitors, contractors, ect.The authority retains the to a higher place responsibilities under local management of schools as an employer in the same track the government body of academies, aided and trust schools, but it is important to tell apart that all employees have legal duties under the health and safety at work act, to co-operate with their employer so far as is reasonably practicable to suss out a safe and florid place of work.This local statement of safety policy is not intended to replace the wirral local authoritys policy but to detail individual schools arrangements and organisation for health and safety. The settings governing body leave strive to achieve the highest standards of health, safety and welfare tenacious with their responsibilities under the health and safety at work act 1974 and different statutory and common law duties to provide a safe and healthy work place for all its employees, pupils, visitors, and other persona who may be affected by its activities.The head teacher and governing body will take all reasonable steps to ensure that the authoritys safety policy is implemented and, that local authoritys policy and guidance documents are followed and monitored throughout the school. This policy will be brought to the precaution of, and/or issued to all members of staff on induction and annual refresher course at the start of each school year. it is essential for the success of this safety poli cy that all employees recognise their responsibilities in co-operating with management on health and safety issues and taking care of themselves and other persons whilst at work.

Economic Development and Industrialization Essay

The process in which a parliamentary procedure or country (or human race) transforms itself from a primarily awkward society into one based on the manufacturing of goods and services. Individual manual labor is often replaced by mechanized mass production and craftsmen argon replaced by conclave lines. Characteristics of industrialisation include the mapping of technological innovation to solve problems as opposed to superstition or dependency upon conditions inter field of study human hold back such(prenominal) as the weather, as well as more in force(p) division of labor and economic reaping.industrialisation is most commonly associated with the European Industrial Revolution of the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries. The blast of the second World War excessively light-emitting diode to a capital deal of industrialization which resulted in the growth and victimization of large urban centers and as well as suburbs. industrial enterprise is an outgrowth of capitalism.Before India was introduced to the industrialization or the industrial regeneration, india was largely an rural country. Before the british onset India became famous for her handicrafts and textiles too. During the Mughal Period, India had a considerable conformation of arts and handicrafts and the products commanded wide melt of extraneous markets. At that time no otherwise country produced products that could be imported to India in exchange for cotton and silk goods which were in world-wide demand.Europe had to present in billions for the increasing volume of Indian exports. India was also famous for jewellery of exquisite quality made out of gold, silver, copper, brass and bell-metal. some(prenominal) another(prenominal) urban centers were famous for carving work in ivory, wood, stone and marble. In bigger t bears for each one handicraft was organized into a guild which safeguarded the professional interest of its members. The emersion of modern industri al enterp mountings kitty be traced back to the end of the eighteenth century. The novel industrial activity took deuce forms, plantations and factory industries. Real and alright progress in the factory industries began only after 1875. During the nigh two decades, two textile units cotton and jute- flourished.Initi tout ensembley, Indias domestic saving depended broadly on the kitchen-gardening. Globally, its textile and jewelry assiduity were very famous, but since all the industries were fully control take by man, the speed of the produce could not match the ontogenesis demands of foreign merchants. Then began the industrial revolution in india, which was introduced by the british. The practice session of machines in the industries brought about nifty progress and economical growth to the country. 1 of the main reasons why India is a member of the BRICS nations-0 and is tipped to be the next global superpower is its rapid pace of industrialization. Indias industrial growth was recorded in 2010 at 16.8%, upliftedest in 20 years. Thus it has a major contribution to Indias economic growth rate in 2010-2011 which is measured at about an impressive 8.6%. The rate of investment in India has been found to entertain exceeded 36% of the countrys GDP and this has happened because India is do progress in the industrial sector by leaps and bounds.On the engineering science front, the biggest advancements were in steam power. New fuels such as coal and pet single-valued functionum, were collective into new steam engines. This revolutionized many industries including textiles and manufacturing. Also, a new communication middling was invented called the telegraph. This made communicating across the ocean much faster. But, along with this great leap in technology, there was an overall downfall in the socioeconomic and cultural situation of the people. Growth of cities were one of the major consequences of the Industrial Revolution. Many people, who init ially practiced agriculture, were imposed on with heavy taxes and unable to settle taxes to the british officers were forced to move to the cities. With the new industrial age, a new qauntitative and materialistic view of the world took place. This caused the need for people to consume as much as they could. This still happens directly. The negative impact of industrial revolution on india is due to two major factors.Indias large state and Introduction of alternative machinery which were more efficient than man These two factors are closely interrelated- the introduction of finer machinery improved the production of goods and bring down the number of employees. Since a large number of indians who were once practicing agriculture were led to the factories, a major population was now going with the swing of the industrial revolution, i.e.. working in the factories.the introduction of finer machinery improved the production of goods and bring down the number of employees and unb ecomingly affected the middle class and lower sections of the society. hotshot machine could perform what ten men could and eventually machine replaced man. a lot and lots of people were jobless. Indians suffer from the industrial revolution even today as a major portion of the indian population is unemployed. industrial enterprise plays a significant role in the process of economic development. The examples of create countries indicate that there is a direct relationship between high level of income and industrial development. Industrialization has its own merits as well demerits. The merits are job creation, development in science and technology,better infrastructure, better healthcare, more amenities and comfort to the masses, more affluence, better educational levels of the masses, good help to agricultural sector in terms of farm equipments, tractors, irrigation tools,pesticides, fertilizers so the country can achieve self sufficiency in food grains.The less true countries are generally primary producers and import industrial output. With industrialization of their own economy they need not import industrial product from outside and this helps in reducing the trade gap. The question that now arises is Is india a highly-developed country? The answer lies within, whether india is a primary producer or has a industrial economy. In fact, India has a balance of both kinds of economy because agriculture forms a major part of indias occupation, which is primary produce but, of late, many industries are spreading from cities to villages like wildfire hence, increasing the industrial economy.India is actually underdeveloped at a very fast rate in the industrial sector, and at this rate of progress, India is estimated to be a developed superpower. Looking at Indias GDP, India is already a well developed nation, but the drop of well-maintained infrastructure and unorganized roads has prevented it from being titled as a developed nation. Industrialization also helps in satisfying a variety of demands of the consumers. With modernization of the economy the demand for industrial product has change magnitude considerably. Industrialization brings a change in the socio-cultural environment of the economy. It makes people dynamic, hard-working, mobile, skillful, efficient, and punctual. It brings a change in the way-of life of the people and makes people more commercial. It also provides security to the economy by making it self-dependent.India has seen a rapid rise in industrialization in the past few decades, due its expansion in markets such as pharmaceuticals, bio-engineering, nuclear technology, informatics and technology-oriented higher education. These a la mode(p) trends have made India more globally-minded as their desire to trade with the world increases.It is said that India has deliberately targeted markets they know they can make instant in-roads into. Industries such as pharmaceuticals and bio-engineering have been seen as idea l in increasing the national income using the countrys new-found expertise. Also, India now exports a whole variety of products and knowledge, including petroleum products, textile goods, jewelry, software, engineering goods, chemicals, and leather merchandise.There are a lot of comparisons drawn between Indias industrialization model and that of mainland China. some(prenominal) countries have realized the importance of the export market and how to capitalize on their huge workforces allowing them to become leading powers in the global market on several fronts. Western countries look favorably to countries such as India and China due to their low production costs in comparison to European and US prices again a favorable characteristic allowing the countries to build their economies.The industrialization of India looks set to continue for some time and the result could well be that India becomes a major player in many global markets in the future.Industrialization plays a vital rol e in the economic development of an underdeveloped country. The historical facts reveal that all the developed countries of the world stone-broke the vicious circle of underdevelopment by industrialization.1. Raising Income The first important role is that industrial development provide a secure basis for a rapid growth of income. 2. Changing the Structure of the Economy In locate to develop the economy underdeveloped countries need structural change done industrialization. History shows that in the process of becoming developed economy the care of the industrial sector should rise and that of the agricultural sector decline. This is only manageable through deliberate industrialization. As a result, the benefits of industrialization will drip down to the other sectors of the economy in the form of the development of agricultural and service sectors leading to the rise in employment, output and income.3. Meeting High-Income Demands beyond certain limits, the demands of the peop le are usually for industrial products alone. After having met the inevitably of food, income of the people are played out mostly on manufactured goods. This factor the income-elasticity of demand for the manufactured goods is high and that of agricultural products is low. To meet these demands and increase the economys output underdeveloped countries need industrialization.4. Overcoming Deterioration in the equipment casualty of Trade Underdeveloped countries like India need industrialization to free themselves from the adverse effects of fluctuations in the prices of primary products and deterioration in their terms of trade. much(prenominal) countries mainly export primary products and import manufactured goods. The prices of primary products have been falling or are stable whereas the prices of manufactured products have been rising. This led to deterioration in the terms of trade of the LDCs. For economic development such countries must shake off their dependence on primary products. They should view import substituting and export oriented industrialization. 6. Increased employment opportunities.Industrialization provides increased employment opportunities in small and large scale industries. In an agrarian economy, industry absorbs underemployed and unemployed workers of agricultural sector and thereby increases the income of the community.5. Stimulates progress in other sectors.Industrialization stimulates progress in other sectors of the economy. A developments of one industry leads to the development and expansion of other industries. For event the construction of a transistor radio plant, develops the small battery industry (backward linkage). The construction of milk processing plants adds to its line of production ice cream. cone cream plants etc.. (forward linkage). 8. Rise in agricultural production.Industrialization provides machinery like tractors thrashers harvesters, bulldozers, transport, celestial spray etc, to be used in the farm s ector. The increased use of modern inputs has increased the yield of crops per hectare. The increase in the income of the farmers has given further to economic development in the country. 16. Increase in the Government taxation.Industrialization increase the supply of goods both for internal and external markets. The export of goods provides foreign exchange. The customs excise duties and other taxes levied on the production of goods increase the revenue of the State. The income tax received from the industrialists adds to the revenue stream of the Government which eventually is spent for the welfare of the people as a whole.