U08a1 Galaxies Review Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

U08a1 Galaxies Review - Coursework ExampleThe gravitative influence of mass father uped inside an orbit of a particular size determines the drive (and therefore period) of that orbit. So by measuring the period and size of the orbit, we can determine the mass inside the orbit. This is one mode you can use to determine the mass of Jupiter (by looking at the orbits of its moons). Mathematically, the expression for the mass enclosed indoors an orbit of radius r is M = v2r/G, where G is Newtons gravitational constant and v is the orbital speed of a star at outperform r. This c erstwhilept works equally well for the orbits of stars and gas within lock galaxies. By looking at the mass inside the orbit of stars or gas at different distances from the center of the galaxy, the mass of a galaxy as a function of radial distance from the center can be obtained from the rotation curve of the galaxy. 7. What are cosmic rays, and where are they thought to baffle from? Cosmic Rays are extre mely high energy charged particles (usually protons) that travel the Universe at just about the speed of light. Most galactic cosmic rays are probably accelerated in the blast waves of supernova remnants. This doesnt lowly that the supernova explosion itself gets the particles up to these speeds. The remnants of the explosions, expanding clouds of gas and magnetic field, can last for thousands of years, and this is where cosmic rays are accelerated. Bouncing seat and forth in the magnetic field of the remnant randomly lets some of the particles gain energy, and become cosmic rays. Eventually they build up enough speed that the remnant can no longer contain them, and they escape into the Galaxy. Because the cosmic rays eventually escape the supernova remnant, they can only be accelerated up to a certain maximum energy, which depends upon the size of the acceleration region and the magnetic field strength. 11. How do we know that spiral build up do not rotate like giant pinwheels? What makes spiral arms bright? voluted arms are regions of stars that extend from the center of spiral and barred spiral galaxies. These long, thin regions resemble a spiral and thus give spiral galaxies their name. Either way, spiral arms contain a smashing umteen young, blue stars (due to the high mass density and the high rate of star formation), which make the arms so remarkable. We know that the spiral arms cannot rotate like pinwheels around the center of the galaxy because the cozy stars would finish several orbits while the outer stars complete one. This would wind the spiral pattern up, which we do not see. The arms appear bright because of the enhanced star formation in them. The bright, bluer stars in particular make the arms bright since these stars do not live long and so die before bed covering far from the arm in which they create. Therefore spiral arms are bright because they contain many short-lived blue stars that shine for only a few million years. 21. The carbon in my adamant ring was once part of an interstellar dust grain. The carbon in my diamond ring was once part of an interstellar dust grain. This statement is sensible. Much of the carbon in the interstellar medium is in the form of dust grains, so the carbon in the interstellar cloud out of which the Earth formed must also have been largely in the form of dust grains. 36. We measure the mass of the smuggled hole at the galactic center from (a) the orbits of stars in the galactic cente

The t Statistic Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The t Statistic - Essay ExampleThe zip fastener hypothesis is based on the lead of the sales passenger car that the annual average sale of the political party/ purchases done by the customers is greater than $14,000. The null and alternate hypotheses would be as follows,The t-test conducted with the above mentioned descriptive statistics reveals that t(/2,19) = 0.38 is less(prenominal) than the critical value of t = -2.093, therefore the null hypothesis is not rejected and the sales managers claim is considered as true.The information shown in Table 2.0 is taken from the case study named HH Industries (Levin et al., 2009, p.49). The data comprises of total anatomy of orders per twenty-four hour period for the prototypical and last quarters. The null hypothesis is based on the claim of the sales manager that the sales figures are steady throughout from first quarter to last. The data selected is from the first and last quarters. The null hypothesis in this case would be that t he average total number of orders per day for the first and last quarters is equal. The null and alternate hypotheses would be as follows,The t-test was conducted on two samples of number of orders from first and last quarters. Observing the t-value = - 6.9, it is concluded that the H0 is rejected. The 1 2. There is a significant difference amidst the average number of orders booked per day for first and last

Basic Principles of Accounting Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

staple Principles of Accounting - Essay ExampleThe convention states that items recorded in financial financial statements should be recorded at the original cost for which it would be bought. Stating furniture at the present cost will be delusory and the account will not conform to legal standards.3. Depreciation is an attempt to measure the worth of a fixed addition that was used in the period under review. It therefore divides the useful life of a given fixed asset into a number of years. Each year, there is an estimate of the worth of the asset that was used in the production process. This way, accountants can get close to getting the true picture of how oftentimes was spent in a given year. Accumulated depreciation represents the worth of the asset deducted in the anterior years that the asset was used in production.4. The payment of $20,000 in June 2008 is cannot be put in the income statement of 2007/2008. This is because that insurance payment added no value to production in the 2007/08 year. However, that payment gives your company the right to rising benefits. In other words, it is an asset and it must be accounted for in the Balance Sheet as an Accrual.5. complete(a) profit represents sales less cost of sales or direct cots. Net profit is common profit less other production cost like everyplaceheads, indirect costs, as well as taxation. Net profit is important as it gives the whole view of trading activities in the company over a period of time. Gross profit just gives a shallow indication of events in the organization.1. discipline cost is a cost directly attributable to a project or activity in a business. Indirect costs are activities that cannot be directly attributed to a single activity or process in the business. Manufacturing overheads is an indirect cost because it relates to the factorys cost that cannot be identified with a single product or activity. Examples include electricity and depreciation costs.2. Work in progress refers t o costs of unfinished raw materials that are

Special Interest Tourism Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Special relate Tourism Report - Essay ExampleFurthermore, the site defines tourism in various concepts in crop to pass judgment the preferences of the travellers. Moreover, the three prime elements associated with tourism, namely, consumer, product and supplier are discussed and classifications are provided where relevant. In addition, the site provides authorized measures which should be taken care of by the tour operators especially while conducting adventurous tours such as wildlife tourism. Thus, the discussion can provide valuable insight to certain pertinent aspects related to wildlife tourism. Reference dilate Allman, T. L. & et. al. 2009, Exploring the motivations of base jumpers extreme sport en indeediasts, Journal of Sport & Tourism, vol. 14, no. 4, pp. 229-247. Source Journal article. Access to breaker point Easy Journal held on campus. Relevance to this form of Special Interest Tourism The article exit evaluate the motivational factors which persuade an individu als desire to participate in adventurous sports. The researchers approached the participants of udder jumping for evaluating the motivational factors. The sport embarrasss activities such as parachuting from buildings, bridges and high cliffs, in which the participants lives are at risks. In other words, they voluntarily take risks in performing the activities. The study will thus evaluate the tendencies of the participants in taking such life-challenging risks. Furthermore, due to the nature of the sport, the findings will help to analyse the factors which do work people to take up wildlife tours which are also adventurous. Reference dilate Bentley, T. A. & et. al. 2010, Adventure and ecotourism safety in Queensland operator experiences and practice, Tourism Management, vol. 31, pp. 563-571. Source Journal article. Access to item Easy Journal held on campus Relevance to this form of Special Interest Tourism Although, wildlife tourism is adventurous and thrilling, certain amoun t of risks is multiform with regards to safety. Therefore, the article focuses on identifying the probable injuries and safety management practices which could prevent the travellers. The authors have collected valuable discipline from the tour operators in order to implement safety practices in the future from preventing injury. The survey revealed that a junior-grade level of incidents occurred compared to slips or falls which are common in these types of wildlife tours. However, the tour operators stated that risk factors were non associated with physical injury, fluctuating climatic conditions and behavioural skills are the most considered risks factors. Thus, the article will provide a clear understanding of the safety practices which are useful in wildlife tourism. The safety measures will help to evaluate effectively the risk management practices which can be utilised to prevent physical injuries to the travellers. Reference details Buckley, R 2009, Adventure tourism mana gement, Routledge, United Kingdom. Source Book. Access to item Easy Book functional on Internet. Relevance to this form of Special Interest Tourism The study will identify the results succeed by ecotourism in respect of environmental issues. Furthermore, the article consists of a framework which includes four types of mechanism firstly, which has the skill to generate positive effects, secondly, factors reducing negative effects, thirdly, which have the potentials for increasing negative effects and lastly, the challenging issues that include scaling and mainstreaming. Moreover, the

Critically assess the relevance of Marxist theory to the study of Essay

Critically task the relevance of Marxist theory to the study of media texts - Essay ExampleMoore looks into the presidency of George W. chaparral and analyzes the future of the ground in the light of his policies and actions. Moore alleges that Bush family had long-term business relationship with the Saudi royalty and the family of bin Ladens. Bush and his inner circle avoided pursuing the Saudi connection to 9/11, despite the fact that 15 of the 19 hijackers were Saudis and Saudi money had allegedly funded Al Qaeda (Fahrenheit(postnominal) 9/11). Fahrenheit 9/11 shows how a nation is kept in constant fear by FBI alerts and ultimately lulled into accepting the USA patriot Act, that according to the shoot down infringes on basic civil rights further adding that it is in this atmosphere of confusion, suspicion and catch that the Bush Administration invades Iraq. Fahrenheit 9/11 shows clips of the war to highlight the US casualties and the human live to individual soldiers and th eir families thus invoking anti-state feelings within the armed forces.The core narrative of Fahrenheit 9/11 paraphrased from several(a) reviews on the film the Bush administration seize... ure the worlds second largest reservoir of oil-all on the dubious grounds that ibn Talal Hussein Hussein was behind Al Qaedas attack on World Trade Centre and his regime which feature weapons of mass destruction posed a serious threat to the security of the United States and its Western allies.Fahrenheit 9/11 has been one of the most controversial and provocative documentary films since 2004 when it was released in the United States and worldwide. It seems to hand borrowed the title and inspiration from Ray Bradburys fiction novel Fehrenheir 451 published in 1953. The thrust of the novel is towards spotlight the major concerns of the 1950s such as McCarthyite witch-hunt against communists , burning of books in Nazi Germany Soviet leader Stalins downsizing of writers and books and the horrify ing consequences of a nuclear weapon on the fictional town of Phoenix. Fahrenheit 451 belongs to George Orwells Big companion genre which is not exactly a Marxist comment on the society but a reflection of Western liberal thought. One may argue that Bush comes out in the film as the main protagonist, however, in its over all impact the film, wittingly or unwittingly, shuns narrative coordinate of story-telling that is the hallmark of the Hollywood style of film-making. Vertov and his colleagues believed both in the absolute ability of the cinema apparatus to chuck reality as it actually appears and in the necessity of editing to arrange this reality into an expressive and ingratiatory whole. This doctrine, called by Vertov kino-glaz (cinema-eye), contributed significantly to the montage aesthetics which came to dominate the Soviet cinema after 1924. (Cook, 1996 p.134) Fahrenheit 911 does not use a protagonist or a narrative and uses a format which is more associated with the

The Business Stone Field's Limousine Company Essay

The Business Stone Fields Limousine Company - Essay ExampleDemographic depth psychology entails demographic data such as total population and its growth, change in employee demographics in the market and so on Operational analysis includes safeguarding continuity and company development in terms of company operations. Individual analysis focuses on looking at how well an individual doing his job and determining his capacity to do unsanded and different tasks. It shows which employee needs training and how. Heathfield (n.d.) states a distinct method of conducting training needs assessment.Training methods give the bounce be of various kinds. For instance, reading assignments, simulations, on the job training, group discussions, lectures, demonstrations, speech sound visual presentations, brainstorming, oral presentations, bother solving workshops, case study, role playing, field trips and unstructured group interactions. The media included end be audio tapes, video tapes, comput ers, manuals, guides and the suchlike.There are certain principles that can help in employee training. For example, focusing on unrestrained maturity, integrity and compassion the main of this is to develop a person on the whole, including skills and knowledge. Another principle can be to focus on education, not training specifically. All of this would also contribute to training for learning skills or facts which would be of great benefit for the company.Written material such as case studies, manuals, guides etc with own(prenominal) instruction or classroom lectures can be the basis for learning. Simply reading the texts would be genuinely helpful in understanding them on your

Westen Civilization. Christianity, ts rise and development within the Essay

Westen Civilization. Christianity, ts rise and reading within the Roman pudding stone - Essay ExampleThe period of refining was marked by emergence of certain events such fare of Romans imperium, decline in population size in rural areas as most quite a little migrates to fightds the cities. Additionally, the legend expounds the issue of customary as well as providing a sharp insight of ideas, peoples and their cultural revision over the past years (Hunt, PP 9-15). Western nuance had been broadly divided into subsection namely civilization of the ancient world, civilization in the Mediaeval periods as well civilization of early modern connection (Hunt, Para 4). In above connection, the study will focus on the onset of western order since the earlier periods up to 17th century by scrutinizing on various changes in religion and close (Hunt, Para-1).Therefore, this study will provide a sharp insight on how western civilization affect the rise and exploitation of Roman Empi re. Additionally, the study will provide an explanation of how Christianity was influenced by Romans Religious practices as well as the most important elements of conversation of the empire to Christianity. How was Christianity affected by its rise and development within the Roman Empire? The rise of western civilization affected Christianity within the Romans Empire in numerous ways. For instance, some spiritual wars erupted as people strugg lead for power and leadership (Hunt, P-159). A religious war erupted betwixt the Turks and the Holy Roman Empire and another one emerged between Spanish and Muslims. Additionally, another religious war was reported to erupt between missionaries and Hussite (Hunt, P-549).In above connection, the Roman emperor viewed Christianity as a policy-making force that aimed at taking leadership and powers away from him and therefore, Christians were prosecuted during this period of western civilization (Hunt, PP, 549-705).This further led to decline in number of Christians as many people feared to be prosecuted by the Romans government. However, even later on medieval era and the fall of Romans Empire, Christianity continued to prosper and the new leadership that came into place supported Christianity (Hunt, PP, 549-705). by western civilization the Roman Empire was able to absorb Christianity despite the fact that there were rivals between Pagans and Christians. For example after the fall of Romans Empire, Christianity becomes fully dominant within the Empire (Hunt, PP, 605). This further led to the development of Romans Catholic church which later established its roots in various parts of the world (Hunt, PP 549-705). In above connection, it can be scrutinized that western civilization affected Christianity in the manner in which people believed in God, this in turn affected the Romans Empire as people started believe that there was hardly one God unlike before when they used to believe in existance of numerous gods (Hunt, P -608). This indicates that Western civilization brought a transition on the way people perceived God. They moved from Polytheism to Monotheism (Hunt, P-704). In above connection, by western civilization Christians within the Roman Empire were able to become united. For example, after the fall of introductory leadership, Emperor Constantine who took over the leadership saw the church as one of the most significant unifying factors. He therefore used the church to unite the people by bringing people from unlike cultural and religious background together (Hunt, P-625). According to Emperor Constantine, the church could not unify the empire at that time but could have helped to unify the people and this could have made his leadership a beat easier (Hunt, P- 549). He

Sociological Perspective of Body Language Research Paper

sociological Perspective of Body Language - Research Paper ExampleThere argon several schools of purview concerning the role of nonverbal communication regarding everyday communication patterns. For example, in Nonverbal Behavior and the Communication serve (1974), Charles Duke explains the different viewpoints held by psychologists and anthropologists regarding these roles. Members of the psychological school view nonverbal communication as simply the structure of emotions, but those individuals in the communicational school mainly anthropologists and ethologists are concerned with behaviors of posture, touch, and movement as they join to social processes like group cohesion and regulation (Duke, 1974). The debate The Challenge of Non-Verbal Research (1971), by Charles Galloway, outlines the mixed difficulties inherent in attempting to decode nonverbal behavior, what produces the meanings, how to differ from verbal communication and under what circumstances they are used. ... s excessively noisy as a more effective means of gaining attention than yelling over the noise or of holding a finger to their lips to indicate she wishes the students to fall silent. Other examples of ashes language that teachers of all cultures and areas of the world use on a widespread basis include thoroughgoing(a) at students for prolonged periods of time as a means of demonstrating disapproval, crossing their arms tightly in front of their chest too, again, symbolize disapproval and pointing at students to get their attention. 82 percent of the communication that happens in the classroom is nonverbal and hand gestures used in conjunction with speech help listeners remember the heart much longer than speech alone. (Zoller, 2004) Students, universally, have demonstrated a widespread awareness that the best manner to get attention in the classroom is to raise their hands high above their heads and are often observed doing this same action outside of the classroom when they have something urgent (to them) that they want to say. These signals are well up understood by students and any observer can see the results (Galloway, 1971). To establish how the superior (boss) in an force environment while not indicating any type of classier styles or other symbols of position was able to speak the sense of superiority was addressed in the book Body Language (1970) by Julius Fast, a study of the power and status theory. The study utilized silent films portraying two actors, one acting as the visitor, the other playing the part of a corporate senior management. It was viewed by audiences who were filling out a questionnaire concerning how they read the scene. A number of patterns became apparent from the answers provided.

Reaction Outcome Evaluation Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

response Outcome Evaluation - Assignment ExampleAs per Kirkpatricks Reaction Outcome Evaluation, the first direct of evaluation would be to identify how the whileicipants responded to the facts of life program. One can say that this is the most important part of the evaluation as to pin-point at which area the program is needed to be modified. This is despite the situation that a number of reviewers are non agreeing at this level and acknowledging individuality as the reason out. As the latter statements cosmos declared, the evaluation system by Kirkpatrick would need tedious observation and an equal amount of understanding onward one could conclude if the training conducted was successful or not (Rae, 2002).In evaluating the training program conducted, on that point seems to be a lack of interest within the employees themselves. One reason for this could be the fact that in that location are fewer interactions between participants in the program as the training was comput er-based. Another factor, which could have bear on the attitude of the employees, would be the fact that the training was to be done during an available time for an employee. Instead of enjoying a well-deserve break, two hours of it would be spent doing the computer-based training program. Also, if a module is not that much understood by the employee, only a limited number of resource person can be approached with an immediate response. This fact does affect the comprehension of an employee as the concern was not answered in a timely manner. Another reason is that, a person can beneficial scan through the module without fully understanding it just to say that the employee has finished the training. The reason for the failure of the program was it was not properly supervised (Toney, 2002).Though paper-less training could be more practical, it should be properly executed and supervised. As per the recently concluded training, the execution was not on the basis of training

Review of Cleland Prosthetic Bodies and Virtual Cyborgs Essay

Review of Cleland prosthetic Bodies and Virtual Cyborgs - Essay ExampleAccording to Cleland, the cyborg-like emerging of bodies and technology has incur commonplace for a mass of the human activities, such as industrial manufacturing and exploration and that we have, at this point in history, largely embraced human-machine unification thus enhancing their presence among the populations. Cleland goes further to suggest that a percentage of the worlds population is instantaneously composed of cyborgs. These cyborgs come in various types for instance, people who have GPS chips implanted in their bodies, people with maudlin arms and skins as well as those with implanted eye lenses. All of these are examples of practical cyborgs in ordinary human life. Cleland then further expands upon the notion of practical(prenominal) cyborgs. Virtual cyborgs, or rather, avatars, have become commonplace in the online environment as they provide a critical connection between the practical(prenomi nal) world and sureity. She states that avatars are perceived digital representation that behaves or are executed in real time by a human being.The article succeeds in expounding upon the virtual re-embodiment that becomes realizable through avatars in the sense that people can expand their sensory perceptions into virtual environments through the stand by of avatars. Video games are a perfect example of how this virtual re-embodiment takes place since the player is connected to the virtual environment through the joystick or mouse that can simulate the movement of the avatar in the manner in which the player wants the avatar to behave.

Week-7 Technology in the Workplace Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Week-7 Technology in the Workplace - Essay ExampleIt similarly has the capability of providing annotations of the evidence produced, for ingestion by the jury, the trial judge/ magistrate, and the various counsels present. This is the main technology in use at the court rooms (Rowland, Uta and Andrew, 32). Within the offices, employees of the organization use Microsoft softw ars to process the needed information.The soft wares in use are the Microsoft word, and this is in use mostly by clerks. Ms. Power Point is used by the managerial staff when they make exhibits during seminars, and conferences. By looking at these technological coatings in my organization, I can conclude that it is ahead of other institutions of justice in the use of technology. Though most of these organizations use Microsoft softwares, they are yet to develop the mobile evidence exhibit system that has the capability of easing the manner in which evidence is produced at the court room.The court house has managed to train its employees on how to handle the technological inventions it uses. During orientations, new employees obtain guidelines on the functionalities of the various technological gadgets in use. Due to this orientation, I gained the knowledge and capability of using these gadgets, and thitherfore technology does not affect my performance. However, there are numerous ways that technology can hinder progress at the work place. They are (Rowland, Uta and Andrew, 21)1. In ability to weigh between the opportunities, and the risks that the technology in use brings about. For instance, use of technological know-how such as power point presentations, requires adequate preparations, identification of main files, and thereafter loaded into the presentation software. This activity takes a lot of time, and this can be a factor in hindering the application of a technological know-how, in a court house.2. There is also the problem of information overload. For instance, in using

Deviant Behavior Homework Chapter 1 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Deviant Behavior Homework Chapter 1 - probe ExampleIndeed, irresponsible owners of guns have caused much misery to loved ones of those who died from shootings like the Virginia Tech case.Firearms are interchange and trade at topical anaesthetic gun shows, flea markets, internet and even classified ads. These transactions do non require a background check thus, a convicted felon or a mentally crazy somebody bathroom usually obtain firearms in this undesirable manner. This practice moldiness be stopped. We must let our elected officials know the Brady law needs to govern all firearm sales for both licensed and unlicensed dealers. The waiting period should be ten business days which would allow local agencies to do the necessary detailed background check and to communicate with all other states before a purchase is made.Florida has some of the weakest gun laws in the nation. There is no state limit on the twist of firearms that can be purchased at one time. As a consequence, a gu n trafficker can buy large quantities of guns from a gun store and resell them to criminals from other states with tougher gun laws. An individual should not be allowed to purchase more than one gun in a six-month period unless such person is a state licensed dealer. Unfortunately Florida has no existing state licensing or oversight outline which makes it very difficult for law enforcement to monitor illegal firearms. Each state must have a gun dealer regulation which would hold a gun seller accountable for their actions and help keep open criminals and other dangerous people from obtaining guns. For those whose lives have changed because of the reckless use of a firearm, no law is ever enough.The second website presents the justification for possessing firearms. Indeed, the Second Amendment protects the rights of all Americans to bear arms for self defense. So, why should this amendment change? The matter Rifle Association has spent millions of dollars on

Pragmatics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Pragmatics - Essay Example only if there has been an inclination to use pragmatics as a division of linguistic semiotics instead of pertaining it generally as sign systems. An early(a) philosopher and logician named Carnap make believe made his own narrowing version of Morris three branches of semiotics. It is within the country of pragmatics when the speaker receives open fictitious character in an investigation. It is within the field of semantics when we extract from the user of the language and examine the expressions and their meanings. Finally, it is within the field of sentence structure when we extract from their meanings and analyze only the relations betwixt the expressions. This trichotomy version of Morris was the most influential (Levinson, 19833).Pragmatics was thought to be the accept of aspects of language that required reference to the users of the language that led to a very natural, further rampart of the term in analytical philosophy (Levinson, 19834). The study of deictic or indexical wrangling such(prenominal) as I and you is one aspect that requires that kind of reference. There is also a view that pragmatics is the study of languages, both natural and artificial that contained indexical and deictic terms. However, an implicit version of Carnaps definition in mid-sixties was embraced by the movement of the generative semantics which means the investigations requiring reference to the users of a language. The history of that movement expects a historian of ideas concerning pragmatics that involves the rebirth of interest in meaning. In this period, the range of pragmatics was completely restricted to investigations that contain at least potential linguistic inferences. Definitions of pragmaticsPragmatics is the study of language utilization while syntax is the study of the combinatorial properties of words and their parts and semantics is the study of meaning (Levinson, 19835). But the term pragmatics covers both context-dependent aspects of language structure and principles of language usage and understanding. There are actually various definitions of pragmatics that has continuously been improved. The first definition states that Pragmatics is the study of those relations between language and context that are grammaticalized, or encoded in the structure of a language (Levinson, 19839). In other words, pragmatics is the study of the aspects of the relationship between language and context that are useful in writing grammar. But the problem with this definition is that it excludes the principles of language usage and the very significant implications called conversational implicatures (Levinson, 198310). This means that the related field such as sociolinguistics and psycholinguistics are also excluded from pragmatics. However, the only main strength of this definition is that it restricted the field to entirely linguistic matters. It handled the feature of pragmatics concerned with language usage but not the part some the principles of

Environment- Topics in Asian Studies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Environment- Topics in Asian Studies - Essay ExampleThe discussion of the articles will provide a picture of how Asia has emerged as a substantial player on the international market, as rise up as its role in the easing of pollution in each country. Outlook on Asian Environmental Status An Anthropological tantrum The current global trend is leaning towards the reduction of greenhouse gases and the alleviation of global warming. Several countries scram already invested millions of dollars to develop technologies that will address these issues, mostly first world countries that oblige highly advance industries, such as the US, Japan, and some European countries. However, several developing countries and third-world countries are still at find of experiencing the adverse effects of pollution either from primer, air, water pollution, or from all of those. To further understand the environmental status of Asian countries, an in-depth look at each country will be discussed, as wel l as the legislations and government efforts that take place in these countries. One of the many Asian countries that experiences great environmental risks is South Korea. According to Kim Jung-Wk (2004), the stature of the country during the 1960s was focused on a proactive plan of attack of improving the economy by increasing the density of industries, which undermines its traditional strict ethics of preserving the environment. South Korea was erstwhile a country that had high regard for nature. In the past generations, environmental crimes were mostly avoided by throng due to the severe punishments that went along with it. Locals were keen on reducing wastes and pollution, certain practices were strictly observed on every possible aspect to minimize the use of natural resources, especially wood. Common practices include the throw of houses and its strategic positioning making use of exhaust gas from cooking furnaces to provide heat for rooms, utilizing vegetable gardens and animals to recycle waste foods, and using ash and animal wastes as soil compost. In addition, government efforts in protecting the environment were strong during the time, considering the management of the mountains and forests as their number one priority (Jung-Wk, 2004). The Japanese intrusion has resulted in turmoil in South Korea being the main reason for the destruction of the environment and destabilizing the strong environmental ethics of this once nature-loving nation. In 1910, reports indicate that a huge portion of the forest have already been reduced due to massive logging (Jung-Wk, 2004). Large shipments of timber were sent to Japan on a regular basis in order to fuel Japans war pursuits. disforestation worsened during the period of the Pacific War which led to the inability of the soil to control flood and drought. This, in turn, resulted in the construction of several large-scale dams all over the country. The effects of deforestation also alter the river systems and coastal areas. Large deposits of soil in the rivers made it shallow and coasts have been filled with clay deposits, this allowed land reclamation possible that even magnified the negative environment effects. In addition, the abrupt change in cultivated crops from mixed-culture and crop rotation to rice as well as the excessive addition of fertilizers and pesticides caused the steadfast degradation of the

Impact of Nursing Faculty Shortage in the Nursing Field Term Paper

Impact of Nursing Faculty deficit in the Nursing Field - Term Paper ExampleThis paper aims to discuss the problem of deficit of nurse staff. A material body of implications give also be provided to overcome the issue of shortage of nursing faculty. Problem Statement Among different factors that confound been considered as the reason behind shortage of nurses in health billing field, lack of nursing faculty is one of the crucial issues that need avid implications. There are chip of reasons that generate contri notwithstandinged in the shortage of nursing faculty such as ageing of nursing faculty, retreat wave increasing the shortage ratio etc (Cronenwet, 2011). Significance of the Problem Nursing faculty shortage is an fixings which has contributed in the poor supply of nurses to the health care institutions. It is thus imperative to strategically counter the issue. A number of strategic implications are already underway by American Nursing Association but there is more to be done to overcome the problem. By countering the issue of shortage of nursing faculty, it will be possible to provide quality health care to the patients (Cronenwet, 2011). Nursing Faculty Shortage A number of American nursing schools have marked increased shortage of nursing faculty. Since 2004, the number of savant enrolments has increased by large. It is because of this reason that increased number of nursing faculty is needed in the schools. ... As per analysis it was noted that the average age of nursing educators is 45+. The retirement of faculty of nursing has unplowed the deficit of nursing faculty in a continual state (Cronenwet, 2011). The shortage of nursing faculty has a direct negative impact on the supply of nurses in the healthcare departments. The main drive of the nursing schools is to supply nurses to the health care profession so that quick and quality health care facilities can be provided to patients. Looking at the situation of shortage of nursing faculty in nursing schools, it has been estimated that 600,000 jobs are expected to be vacant for nursing professionals within next ten years. This fact is gnarly and needs implication to overcome the turmoil of nursing profession (Cronenwet, 2011). It should be noted that nursing is a profession which is given a great deal of imperativeness in US. A lot of students have post in pursing nursing degrees which is a hope for overcoming the shortage of nurses. Researchers have claimed that such tremendous interest by the students in the nursing field is because the profession is to help humanity and the working conditions of nurses is relatively break in than other professions. Also, the compensation packages being given to national nurses is quiet attractive for the students which makes it easier for the nursing profession to have more practitioners (Riegelman, 2006). The interest of students towards nursing profession has relatively increased which also resulted in increasing number of en rolment. It has also been noted that a large number of applicants are turned away each year because the nursing

Mental and Physical Abuse of Institutionalized Mentally Retarded Research Paper

Mental and Physical Abuse of institutionalized Mentally Retarded Children - Research Paper ExampleThe method of data analysis used in the study is the deductive data analysis method. This method is appropriate considering that it is straight to the point and that it saves a cud of time during data analysis. With the adoption of the study, children leave behind have a higher probability of deceaseting handle appropriately and more effectively. Cases of physical and sexual abuse will be minimal and hence ensuring that they take up the rights that they are entitled. They will realize better health care as they will be given over all the attention they need from their parents and the community at large. Thus justifying why mentally decelerate institutions for children should be abolished. The time for not institutionalizing mentally retarded student has come. Mentally retarded children exposed to severe conditions that incense the fact that they have disabilities. The harsh cond itions they face at institutions make life for them unbearable. This arises from the fact that institutions are below budgeted, under staffed, poor services offered at the institutions, and that they are exposed to physical and sexual abuse (Lillis, 1997). in the altogether types of amenities must be built, based on the existing association of the potential in developmental of the mentally retarded institutions. ... In this study, it is highlighted why institutionalizing of mentally retarded children should be dealt away with. Retarded children get exposed to harsh conditions that worsen their situation they do not get the necessary attention that they petition since managing many retarded children is quite a task (Tizard, 1994). The study was done in a routine of mentally retarded children institutions with the aim of highlighting the challenges that they face at these institutions, their living conditions at the institutions and the various slipway in which they can be helpe d. The study aims at proving why removing mentally retarded students from this institution will be a plus for the mentally retarded children (Thompson & Brown, 1997). This study will contribute important knowledge in essence that it will highlight the plights of the mentally retarded children and expose the challenges that they face at institutions. It will vividly show why removing mentally retarded children from the institutions has a higher probability of them getting tough well and appropriately. The study reveal that families are bound to show more care to their mentally retarded children as compared to institutions, considering that institutions deal with a lot of children and managing all of them to ensure that they have the best conditions is not an low-cal task. The experimental design used was the Group, Post-test Comparison, reason being that this design offers randomization. The post-test comparison using randomized subjects controls aimed at the key effects of history of the institutions, pre-testing, and maturation and that the design can be stretched to comprise more than two institutions if essential. The sampling design used in this research is the clustered

Biology Questions Essay Example for Free

Biology Questions EssayQ Summarize the move of the scientific rule. Describe an experimentation of your choice, which demonstrates the basic considerations that must be taken in the design of a good, manipulative experiment. Now that you know some details of how scientists solve problems, how might you apply that knowledge to your chance(a) life?A The scientific method is one of the most if non the most important method that scientists use to learn most the earth. The goal is to apply the scientific method to determine a capture and effect relationship. The scientific method is made up of five detailed steps, these steps areI. ground an observationA scientist sees something that he cannot explain, but is very interested and would like to explain the phenomenon.II. Ask Questionsafter the observation is seen, the scientist comes up with a group of questions such as who, what, where, why, and how. These questions significantly help the scientist narrow defeat the effects of the phenomenon.III. Develop a HypothesisA conjecture is a proposition set onwards as an explanation for the occurrence of some specified group of phenomena, either asserted merely as a provisional conjecture to guide investigation or accepted as highly presumable in the light of established facts. This hypothesis must have the ability to be either true, or false.IV. Make PredictionsIf the hypothesis is correct, scientists pull up stakes make a prediction on how they think the experiment forget end. This helps them have a starting point if the hypothesis is correct.V. Test the PredictionsExperimental tests may lead to the balk of the prediction, or to the corruption of a prediction. If the hypothesis is not correct, the scientific method requires that the hypothesis must be modified. The prediction must agree with the experiment to believe that it is a valid description of nature.A broad experiment that demonstrates the basic considerations that must be taken in the design of a good, manipulative experiment is Galileos leaning tower of Pisa experiment. Galileo had two b in alls of different masses, one heavy, and one light, and dropped them at the same cadence off of the leaning tower of Pisa. Galileo used the scientific method to make and prediction that their time of rail line was independent of their mass. He found out that the objects fell at the same acceleration, proving hid hypothesis to be true, and likewise proving Aristotles theory of gravity to be false.I go out apply the scientific method to my perfunctory life in many ways. When I see an interesting observation that I do not know of, I will now create a mini hypothesis that applies to the observation. I will then ask some questions as in what is it? Or how does it do that? Etc. I will then either research the task at hand, or create my own demonstration on the phenomenon. If my hypothesis does not agree with the conclusion, I will re apply a new hypothesis and begin again. I enjoy le arning new information and think this will be very amusing.Q Describe the difference between anthropocentrism, biocentrism, and ecocentrism. Tell which of these positions your fools of the environment most closely approximate. Why?A anthropocentrism is the tendency that human beings regarding themselves as the most significant entities in the universe. While Biocentrism is an ethical point of view that extends value to non-human species. Ecocentrism is used to regard a nature-centered system of value, as opposed to human and non-human centered.The position that I deem approximate to my view would be the Ecocentrism system of values. The reason I chose Ecocentrism is because in my opinion, a nature-centered sustem of values is very safe and rewarding. Too many people are human-centered and only care about themselves in this world. The Anthropocentrism people are destroying our environment on this planet by not warmth about preserving this earth. If we are all nature-centered and d o our best everyday to help preserve this earth, we can all change the world together and keep the air clean, the ground picked up, and the streets worry free for our future generation.

Learning Team Reflection Essay Example for Free

Learning Team Reflection EssayAlan Litchman and Laura B. Trust, Co-Presidents of Finagle a beigel, own a bagel contrast in Boston (Parrino, Kidwell, Bates, 2012). Alan and Laura met in business school and after gaining business find in other industries they purchased the bagel business with the intent of growing it as much as possible. They ingest two primary target markets 1) retail stores and 2) wholesale accounts with large institutions. In this paper, we will briefly cover a few of the strategies they used to manage their works capital. The owners of Finagle a Bagel were tired of working for other people so they decided to buy one new business. They have used some(prenominal) mo doughary concepts to manage the financial accountability of their small-scale business. They have controlled costs from the beginning of the process to the oral communication of the product, as well as the administrative costs.Other items that have been highlighted are the management of cash flow, payback, and the chronicle of cash entries, which has allowed the connection to pay its debts. They have established a good relationship with the banks in secernate to negotiate the time frame for payments and rate. Suppliers are also a key success factor for the company, as the payment terms are negotiated to match the flow cash. The companys focus is to maintain its financial management so that the business may grow and return large profits. The Finagle a Bagel also has a policy of recognizing the hard work of their employees. The owners believe that managers and employees are responsible for the success of the company. Together, the company is growing in a sustainable and financially healthy way. According to Alan Litchman, when making any investment, setoff one has to understand what the demand for the new product is going to be, and what kind of product can be made with the new equipment (Parrino, Kidwell, bates, 2012).Alongside his wife, Mr. Litchman explained how i mportant it is to understand the companys performance and opportunities to better halt capital investment in the company. They both explained, in their own words, the importance of setting up strategies and supply before putting a new product on the market. The couple also spoke somewhat debt. Laura Trust said that debt is a necessary evil and sometimes taking debt has its benefits if compared to finding capital by dint of other means, such as pursuing a partner (Parrino, Kidwell, Bates, 2012). In this case they did not inadequacy to take a venture capital partner because the owners wanted to have authoritywhen making business closings, thus avoiding working for someone else (Parrino, Kidwell, Bates, 2012). This shows that the owners prefer a business structure like a fix proprietorship. Lastly, the fact that interest rates have been dropping for small business also supported their decision to take on debt to invest in the company. The couple is very educated when making busi ness decisions, as they understand that even when a company has financial resources, the business gains more by obtaining financial resources from banks with small interest rates, while allowing the resources they have to generate dividends with higher interest rates.This is generally called borrowing cheap specie (Investopedia, 2014). Finally, credit is also discussed. They mentioned trade credit, which is the amount of time given to pay back vendors for the products bought. The longer the term, the better, as it allows time to receive revenue before having to pay the debt. This is another very important recommendation on how to properly use cash flow and avoid taking on debt. Overall, Alan Litchman and Laura B. Trust demonstrate a thorough understanding of how to manage their capital so that their small business continues to grow and increase their net profits, despite economic challenges in the community and the country.ReferencesInvestopedia. (2014). Cheap Money. Retrieved from http//www.investopedia.com/terms/c/cheap-money.asp Parrino, R., Kidwell, D., Bates, T. (2012) Fundamentals of Corporate Finance, (2nd Ed) buttocks Wiley Sons Inc.

The following problems in the space provided Essay Example for Free

The following problems in the space provided Essay tell the following questions and solve the following problems in the space provided. When you be done, save the charge in the stage flastname_Week_1_Problem_Set.docx, where flastname is your first initial and you last name, and submit it to the appropriate dropbox. Chapter 1 (page 19)1. What is the most important disparity betwixt a corporation and all other organizational forms? Corporations has un curb life time and limited liabilities and as well as has real entity and legal entity, because any stakeholder foot sue against the corporation. Financing is very easy for investment in corporation. On the other hand, all other organizations have limited life span since it is directly own by one person or partners and also have unlimited liabilities. Investment is very vexed since self-finance.2. What does the phrase limited obligation mean in a corporate context? Stakeholders liability is limited to the amount they invest ed in the corporations. Stockholders are non responsible for any encumbrances of the company specifically they cannot be need to pay back any debts incurred by the firm. Therefore, anything that diminishes a propertys worth or makes it less(prenominal) useful or enjoyable is not responsible by the owners in corporate context. 3. Which organizational forms return their owners limited liability? Corporations4. What are the main advantages and disadvantages of organizing a firm as a corporation? Corporations are probably the dominant form of business organization in the United States. A corporation is a legal entity doing business, and is distinct from the individuals within the entity. Public corporations are owned by shareholders who elect a mount of directors to oversee primary responsibilities. Along with standard, for-profit corporations, there are charitable, not-for-profit corporations.AdvantagesUnlimited commercial life. The corporation is an entity of its own and does not dissolve when ownership changes. Greater flexibility in raising capital through the sale of stock. free of transferring ownership by selling stock.Limited liability. This limited liability is probably the biggest advantage to organizing as a corporation. Individual owners in corporations have limits on their personal liability. Even if a corporation is sued for billions of dollars, individual shareholders liability is generally limited to the value of their own stock in the corporation.DisadvantagesRegulatory restrictions. Corporations are typically more(prenominal) closely monitored by governmental agencies, including federal, state, and local. Complying with regulations can be costly. Higher organizational and operational costs. Corporations have to file articles of incorporation with the appropriate state authorities. These legal and clerical expenses, along with other recurring operational expenses, can contribute to budgetary challenges. Double taxation. The possibility of d ouble taxation arises when companies concur and pay taxes on the net profit income of the corporation, which they pay through their corporate income tax returns. If the corporation also pays out dividends to individual shareholders, those shareholders must declare that dividend income as personal income and pay taxes at the individual income tax rates. Thus, the possibility of double taxation.5. Explain the difference between an S corporation and a C corporation. The S corporation has the unique feature of exit its income through to its owners, so that the entity itself does not pay income taxes. The owners report the income on their tax returns, thereby avoiding the double taxation that arises in a regular C corporation, where the business is taxed on its income, and then the investors are taxed on the dividends they achieve from the corporation. In addition, every shareholder of S corporation must be a United States occupant or citizen.A C corporation or a partnership cannot be a shareholder, though estates and certain trusts and charities can be investors. In S corporation there can only be a single class of stock, which prevents preferential payments and voting privileges. Also there arelimited shareholders in S corporations which is not more than 75 but in C corporations there are unlimited shareholders.

Minorities in Usa Essay Example for Free

Minorities in Usa EssayBackground to in-migration1. Which groups of immigrants made up the the Statesn nation at the end of the 18th century? Which waves of immigrants were there in the 19th century? Where did they come from? English colonists, Pilgrims, who set sail in 1620 on the Mayflower Swedes began their migration to America in 1638 as an organized group of colonizers sent by the Swedish Government to establish a colony in Delaware In 1655, the colony was lost to the Dutch. During the colonial era (1680-1776) most of the immigrants came from Northern Europe. In the mid-1840s, Swedish migration began and continued up to World War I. During this wave (1820-1890 old immigration) immigrants from Germany and Ireland came to the U.S, as rise up as groups, from England, the Netherlands, Spain, Italy, the S dealdinavian countries, and Eastern Europe. In a third wave (1890-1930 new immigration) to a greater extent immigrants came from southern and eastern Europe and from Mex ico, Canada and Japan2. Characterize immigration from 1900 to 1948. In 24 days the people of immigrants rose up to 15.5 million Americans became afraid of losing their culture, which lead to a more frequent occurrence of racial issues In the 1920s the Federal Government restricted immigration, what soon led to a decrease of it3. Which theatrical role of the American population is non-European in origin today? Which are the largest nonage groups and how many members do they pay? 35% of the American population is non-European in origin 35904000 black people make up the largest minority group with 12,8%4. What is meant by the terms melting pot and salad bowl? What evidence is there for racial tension? Give reasons for this. They describe the American society along with its cultural and ethnic diversity. Melting Pot any ethnicities and their cultures have blended to form a single, diverse American culture Salad Bowl many evident cultures exist side by Each group keeps its ow n identity and customs. Racial issues were not communicate until the civil rights movement of the 1960s Racial tensions have been expressed in a series of accelerate riots Yet racial prejudices and religious intolerance still exist immigration Legislation5. Which measures were taken to place immigration during the 20th century (legislation)? What did they aim to do, how effective were they and how do they reflect policy changes with regard to immigration? What laws are in force at present? epoch of Restriction A policy of limit immigration ended the open door era. Immigration flirt of 1917 all newcomers over 16 grades of age had to pass a literacy test or would have been rejected. Workers from India, Indochina, Afghanistan, Arabia, the East Indies and other smaller Asiatic countries were not approved. Quota or Johnson Act of 1921 the number of immigrants from each country was limited to 3% of the foreign-born of that nationality as recorded in the U.S. census of 1910. Im migration or Johnson-Reid Act of 1924 reduced the annual number of immigrants to 165,000Era of liberalization McCarran-Walter Act of 1952 and the Hart-Cellar Act of 1965 made needed skills the criterion for the first 50% of visas for each country. The western Hemisphere was provided with 120,000 visas per year, the Eastern Hemisphere was granted an annual number of 170,000. Immigration Reform and Control Act (IRCA) of 1986 allowed illegal immigrants who had been in the US before 1982 to apply for legal residence, set fines and penalties for employers who hired illegal immigrants. Immigration Act of 1990 raised the annual number of immigrant visas by 200,000, doubled the annual number of asylum seekers who could belong perm residents. Immigration Act of 1996 more border barriers, more immigration agents, stiffer penalties for smuggling peoples, easier deportation of illegals and terrorists.6. What is a green card and how can it be obtained? A green card is a US permanent reside nce visa. It enables any person to live and work permanently and legally in the United States lead options to obtain a green card1.the US Department of State allocates some 50,000 diversity visas per year to applicants from certain, winners are chosen by a random drawing. 2.Non-US-citizens with a special educational qualification can obtain it apart from common application procedures 3.Marriage with an US-citizen or with a green card-holder respectively.7. What is affirmative action? It screams for minorities and women to be given special consideration in employment, education and contracting decisions. I also can call for an admissions officer faced with two similarly qualified applicants to choose the minority or a charwoman over the white or the man.References Bernard, William S. (1998), Immigration History of U.S. Policy, in David Jacobson, ed., The Immigration Reader. America in a multidisciplinary perspective, Oxford, 48-91. Bromhead, Peter (1988), Life in Modern America, Essex. Kleinsteuber, Hans J. (1984), Die USA. Politik, Wirtschaft, Gesellschaft, Hamburg. Mauk, David, John Oakland (20023), American Civilization. An Introduction, London unexampled York. Wersich, Rdiger B., Hrsg., (1996), USA-Lexikon. Schlsselbegriffe zu Politik, Wirtschaft, Gesellschaft, Geschichte und zu den deutsch-amerikanischen Beziehungen, Berlin.http//www.usa-green-card.com/GC_FormShell.asp?Action=QuestionsQuestionWhatIsGreenCard http//www.fbi.gov/ucr/01hate.pdfhttp//www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/geos/us.html

The Cell Cycle Essay Example for Free

The kiosk musical rhythm EssayI. Concept 12.1- Cell plane section results in genetically identical daughter jail mobile phonesA. Overview1) The continuity of life is based on the upbringing of kiosks or cell division. 2) The cell division process is an integral part of the cell cycle, the life of a cell from the time it is first formed from a dividing p arent cell until its own division into 2 cells.B. cellular Organization of the Genetic Material1) A cells end upowment of DNA, its genetic information is called its genome. 2) sooner the cell can allot to form genetically identical daughter cells, all of the DNA essential be copied and then 2 copies separated so that each daughter cell ends up with a complete genome. 3) The replication and distribution of DNA is manageable because the DNA molecules are packaged into chromosomes. 4) The nuclei of a humans somatic cell (all body cells except the reproductive cells) each contain 46 chromosomes make up of two sets of 23 , one set inherited from each parent. 5) Reproductive cells or gametes-sperm and eggs-have half as umteen chromosomes as somatic cells, or only one set of 23 chromosomes. 6) Eukaryotic chromosomes are made of chromatin, a complex of DNA and associated protein molecules.C. Distribution of Chromosomes During Eukaryotic Cell Division 1) After DNA duplication, the chromosomes take Each chromatin fiber becomes densely coiled and folded, making the chromosomes some(prenominal) shorter and thick. 2) Each duplicated chromosome has two sis chromatids. The two chromatids, each containing an identical DNA molecule, are initially given along their lengths by pitchy protein complexes called cohesins. This attachment is known as the sister chromatid cohesion.3) The duplicated chromosome has a narrow waist at the centromere, a specialize region where the two chromatids are most closely attached. 4) Later in the cell division process, the two sister chromatids of each duplicated chromosome s eparate and move into two new nuclei, one forming at each end of the cell. 5) Mitosis, the division of the nucleus is usually founded immediately by cytokinesis, the division of the cytoplasm. 6) You produce gametes by a variableness of cell division called meiosis, which yields nonidentical daughter cells that have only one set of chromosomes.II. Concept 12.2- The mitotic flesh alternates with interphase in the cell cycleA. Phases of the Cell Cycle1) The mitotic phase (M) phase, which includes both mitosis and cytokinesis, is usually the shortest part of the cell cycle. 2) Mitotic cell division alternates with a much longer stage called interphase, which often accounts for about 90% of the cell. It is during interphase that the cell grows and copies its chromosomes in preparation for cell division. 3) Interphase can be divided into subphases* G1 phase (first gap)* S phase (synthesis)* G2 phase (second gap)4) Mitosis is conventionally broken down into five stages prophase, prometa phase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase.B. The Mitotic Spindle1) legion(predicate) of the events in mitosis depend on the mitotic stiletto heel, which begins to form in the cytoplasm during prophase. This structure consists of fibers made from microtubules and associated proteins. 2) In animal(prenominal) cells, the assembly of spindle microtubules starts at the centrosome, a subcellular region containing material that functions throughout the cell cycle to calculate the cells microtubules. 3) An aster, a radial array of short microtubules. The spindle includes the centrosomes, the spindle microtubules, and the asters.4) Each of the two sister chromatids of a replicated chromosome has a kinetochore, a structure of proteins associated with specific sections of chromosomal DNA at the centromere. 5) During prometaphase, the spindle microtubules attach to the kinetochores which then moves the chromosomes toward the pole from which those microtubules extend. 6) At metaphase, the ce ntromeres of all the duplicated chromosome are on a plane center(prenominal) between the spindles two poles. This plane is called the metaphase plate.C. Cytokinesis1) Cytokinesis occurs by a process known as cleavage. The first sign of cleavage is the appearance of a cleavage furrow. 2) The contractile ring of actin microfilaments act as drawstrings. The cleavage furrow deepens, until the parent cell is split in two, creating two daughter cells. 3) In coiffure cells, vesicles from the Golgi apparatus move along microtubules to the middle of the cell, where they coalesce, producing a cell plate.D. Binary Fission1) The asexual reproduction of sensation-celled eukaryotes includes mitosis and occurs by a type of cell division called binary fission, meaning division in half. 2) Prokaryotes withal reproduce by binary fission, but the prokaryotic process does not incriminate mitosis. 3) In E. coli, the process of cell division is initiated when the DNA of the bacterial chromosome call ed the origin of replication, producing two origins. 4) The origin replicates trance the other origin moves to the opposite end of the cell. The cell elongates and replication finishes and a new cell smother is deposited, which in result creates tow daughter cells.E. The Evolution of Mitosis1) Since prokaryotes evolved before eukaryotes, mitosis may have evolved from binary fission. 2) indisputable protists exhibit types of cell division that seem intermediate between binary fission and mitosis.III. Concept 12.3-The eukaryotic cell cycle is regulated by a molecular control systemA. Evidence for cytoplasmic Signals1) Hypothesis The cell cycle is driven by specific signaling molecules present in the cytoplasm 2) Evidence comes from an experiment where they induced cultured mammalian cells at different phases of the cell cycle to fuse.B. The Cell Cycle Control System1) The sequential events of the cell cycle are directed by a distinct cell cycle control system, a cyclically operat ing set of molecules in the cell that both triggers and coordinates key events in the cell cycle. 2) A check request in the cell cycle is a control point where stop and enterprise signals can regulate the cycle (using signal transduction pathways). 3) If a cell receives a act signal at the G1 checkpoint, it will usually complete the G1, S, G2, and M phases and divide. 4) If it does not receive a go-ahead signal at that point, it will exit the cycle, switching into a nondividing state called the G0 phase.C. The Cell Cycle time Cyclins and Cyclin Dependent Kinases 1) Rhythmic fluctuations in the abundance and activity if cell cycle control molecules pace the sequential events of the cell cycle. These regulatory molecules are mainly proteins of two types protein kinases and cyclins. 2) Many of the kinases that drive the cell cycle are actually present at a constant concentration in the growing cell, but much of the time they are in inactive form. 3) To be active, such a kinase must be attached to a cyclin, a protein that gets its name from its cyclically fluctuating concentration in the cell. 4) Because of this requirement, these kinases are called cyclin-dependent kinases, or Cdks. 5) The activity of a Cdk fluctuates with changes in the concentration of its cyclin partner. 6) MPF (maturation-promoting factor) is a cyclin-Cdk complex that triggers a cells passage past the G2 checkpoint into the M phaseD. Stop and Go Signs Internal and External signals at the Checkpoints 1) An example of an internal signal is that kinetochores not attached to spindle microtubules send a molecular signal that delays anaphase 2) A growth factor is a protein released by certain cells that stimulates other cells to divide. 3) Different cell types respond specifically to different growth factors or combinations of growth factors. For example, platelet-derived frpwth factor stimulates the division of a human. 4) The effect of an external physical factor on cell division is clearly se en in density-dependent inhibition, a phenomenon in which crowded cells stop dividing. 5) Most animal cells also exhibit anchorage dependence. To divide the must be attached to a substratum, such as the inwardly of a culture jar or the extracellular matrix of a tissue.E. Loss of Cell Cycle Controls in Cancer Cells1) Cancer cells do not heed the normal signals that regulate the cell cycle. They divide excessively and invade other tissues. In addition to their lack of density-dependent inhibition and anchorage dependence, cancer cells do not stop dividing when growth factors are depleted. 2) A logical hypothesis is that cancer cells do not need growth factors in their culture medium to grow and divide. 3) The problem of cancer begins when a single cell in a tissue undergoes transformation, the process that converts a normal cell to a cancer cell. The bodys immune system normally recognizes a transformed cell as an freedom fighter and destroys it. 4) If the abnormal cells remain at t he original site, the lump is called a benign tumor. 5) In contrast, a malignant tumor becomes invasive enough to impair the function of one or more organs. These tumors can proliferate and spread to locations distant from their original site in a process called metastasis.

Tutorial School Essay Example for Free

Tutorial civilize EssayTo most students, tryouts be detestable beca practise they suffer greatly whenever an exam comes. Undeniably, examinations play such an entirely authorized(predicate) role in training method of Hong Kong that they make students ordinarily bury themselves among their books and n peer littles during examinations. One way that students used to contend with exam is attention instructial take. In fresh years, tutorial schools set about become popular among secondary winding school students. More and to a greater extent students prevail been go to tutorial material bodyes even some of them sop up already gotten satisfactory precedes in their schools. One preempt good find his/her friends and affiliatemates joining tutorial class. We fanny similarly easily detect the great numbers of denotements of the large-scale tutorial schools in the streets, televisions and magazines. In fact, is there a great trend in attending tutorial classes fo r secondary school students? Are these tutorial classes in reality beneficial to the students who lose joined them? It take a shit out be interesting to study all these issues about the recent trend of attending tutorial classes.The objectives of this project are as follows 1) to find out the reasons that make students go to tutorial schools 2) to see the effectiveness of attending tutorial classes 3) to distinguish whether this phenomenon is related to the mode of nowadays bringing up system 2 Chapter 2 Methodology 2. 1 Choice of method Quantitative method was adopted for this project. A questionnaire was designed and issued to secondary students (From 1 to 7) through the internet and 66 samples were collected since it was convenient to fit out up questionnaires on net. 2.2 Classification of the studying target In Hong Kong, the most popular kinds of tutorial course rat be classified as private tutorial school, individual tutorial teachers and tutorial class held by school. For the last type, it is usually free of charge and for the purpose of helping those students with poor pedantic issue or putting more focus on students who get good schoolman result. For this project, I intend to focus more on the first two kinds of tutorial courses since the third kind is usually arranged by the school and the purpose of which is non for making m peerlessy.Also, whether joining its tutorial class is not decided by students. 2. 3 Target group For this project, all secondary school students result be my target groups because the measure up of receiving tutoring among them is more common than that among primary school students, according to a research1, conducted in 2005 by Professor Bray from Hong Kong University, had shown that more or less 50% of primary and swallow secondary students suck in tutoring go at upper secondary the proportion students receiving tutoring is about 70%.The results of word form 4 to Form 7 students potty especially be used in the part to check out whether this phenomenon is related to the mode of nowadays rearing system. 1 private Supplementary Tutoring comparative Perspectives on Patterns and Implications,2005 3 2. 4 Questions asked The questions asked were mainly related to the side by side(p) areas 1) The global information about the answerings, for example, which Form the answerers belong to, whether they brace authoritative tutoring, etc. 2) The reasons of attending tutorial classes, for example, the pressure from parents, following friends decision, and the self-orientated necessity, etc.3) Some information about attending tutorial schools, for example, which types of tutorial class the respondents joined, how often they pay for receive tutoring per month, etc. 4) The factors concerned when choosing the tutorial school, for example, the popularity, following friends choice, the academic background of tutorial teachers, etc. 5) To what extend going to tutorial classes is effective, for ex ample, it really helps them to get the knowledge, or it helps them to get good result only, etc. 6) The factors that stop students from attending tutorial classes.7) The manageable problems created by this phenomenon, for example, becoming not attentive in classes, clock age consuming, immorality between poor and rich students, etc. 2. 5 Problems faced and solutions A some limitations about Internet questionnaires were predicted and observed fortunately, most of them plenty be solved. Firstly, although writing the questionnaires in English would be more convenient for me to record down the findings, some respondents office find it difficult to understand the invest meanings of the questions and thus provided the false answers.Secondly, respondents, without seeing them directly, could do the questionnaires repeatedly and thus manipulated the results. Thirdly, respondents might lose temper if the questionnaires were long and troublesome to finish. As a result, they did the qu estionnaires playfully, without filling in the correct answers. Lastly, only a few options provided might not be enough to cover all the possibilities of the answers. In response to the above limitations, some improvements have been made as the followings.Firstly, the questionnaire was written in Chinese, which is the most familiar language to the respondents so that they could understand intelligibly of what the questions were asking. The results withal show that all respondents could follow my instructions as none of them answer the questions that they didnt require, for example, respondents who receive tutoring dont lease to answer Q15. 4 Secondly, I choose to produce the questionnaire in a website (www. my3q. com) where detection of the source of the received questionnaire form was attainable so that if people did the questionnaire repeatedly, I would know.Thirdly, the questionnaire after amendment was only including 15 questions, firearm all questions are to the point. So that the respondents could fill in the questionnaires within a minute and at the same clock fourth dimension I could get enough data I need. Lastly, I have included more options in the questionnaire, and if respondents still have other comments that are not included, they could choose the option other. I conceive the proportion of choosing other will be small that not enough to define the results. 5 Chapter 3 Literature review.There was mainly one previous research, which I could find and had been used to compare with the results of my findings. The research, Private Supplementary Tutoring Comparative Perspectives on Patterns and Implications, was conducted by Professor Bray in Hong Kong University last year to investigate the political sciences current policies on tutoring, the impact of tutoring on mainstream schooling and the society, such as the household expenditure, social equalities and psychical development of children, etc. He investigated about 700 primary and second ary school students and found that nearly 50% of primary and lower secondary students receivetutoring and at upper secondary the proportion is about 70%. Using this ratio, there are 500,000 primary and secondary students receiving tutoring. Professor Bray likewise found that the condition of joining tutorial class in Hong Kong is more serious than those of our neighboring countries, such as lacquer and Korea. The reasons behind discovered were due to schools in Hong Kong usually focus on students academic results, and Hong Kong labor mart as swell as getting a place in University are very competitive, make students to join tutorial class.However, Professor Bray pointed out the tutorial classes will cause adversely impacts on mainstream schooling, for example students receiving tutoring became slight attentive in class, and influence students mental development. He alike pointed out that the Government was not doing enough to prevent the existence of unqualified tutors. However , the survey had mainly focused on the reasons and impacts of attending tutorial classes, but less on the effectiveness of receiving tutoring and discussion of whether receiving tutoring is related to the mode of nowadays education system.Therefore, in this project, besides looking at the former 2 areas and comparing them with Professor Brays results, I had to a fault investigated about latter 2 areas to provide some new information about the existing situation. 6 Chapter 4 Findings and Analysis 4. 1 General information of the questionnaire I posted the questionnaires in the Internet on 7/8/2006 and collected them on 24/8/2006. The respondents added up to a total of 66. 4. 2 Details of the results Analysis on the 3 kinds of tutoring Popularity of the 3 kinds of tutoring among antithetical formsFrom the above data, 10 of the respondents who received tutoring have received 1 to 1 tutoring, 17 of them have attended small-scale tutorial school and 21 of them have attended large-scale t utorial school. It shows that large-scale tutorial school has the biggest proportion of pupils to choose attending among the 3 choices. Moreover, the chart shows the relationship between the kinds of tutoring and the forms of respondents The lower forms tend to attend 1 to 1 tutoring, while the postgraduateer forms trend to attend small-scale tutorial school and large-scale tutorial school.7 Reasons for choosing variant kinds of tutoring According to chart 4. 2, the main reason that respondents of all three kinds of tutoring will opine when choosing a tutor/tutorial class is The recommendation of their friends or classmates, where 34 respondents had chosen this item. As a contrast to chart 4. 8 which shows that not much respondents will be influenced by friends or classmates to receive tutoring, Chart 4. 2 shows that 69% (34/48) of respondents will consider the recommendation of their friends or classmates when choosing a tutor/ tutorial school.It shows that the influence of pe ers will be more presumable to appear only after respondents had made a decision to receive tutoring. On the other hand, besides the item Others, which none of the respondents had chosen the items that chosen by the least respondents of different kinds of tutoring are also different. For respondents receiving 1 to 1 tutoring and small scale tutoring, most likely they wont consider the item results in populace exam of students who received tutoring there and the advertisement of that tutor/tutorial school.It is probably because of the insufficient of information and students usually are hard to know the results in public exam of students who received tutoring in l to l tutoring and small scale tutorial schools, and because there are not much advertisements that made by them. Therefore, respondents that consider these two factors important will not choose these two forms of tutoring. For respondents receiving large scale tutoring, most likely they wont consider the items the conveni ence of location and The qualification of tutors.It may due to the reasons that large scale tutorial schools send wordnot be found everywhere and respondents usually have to sustain a transportation cost when going to them. Furthermore, the large scale tutorial schools will not advertise themselves about qualification of their tutors. Therefore, respondents consider these factors important will not choose this form of tutoring. 8 durability of the 3 kinds of tutoring Major benefits Receiving tutoring in large scale school, most respondents can know the skills to answer questions, while receiving 1 to 1 tutoring and small scale tutorial school, most respondents get the knowledge.Generally speaking, 63% (31/48) of respondents can know well in answering questions after receiving tutoring, and at the same time 57% (28/48) of respondents can get the knowledge from receiving tutoring of all 3 kinds of tutoring. It shows that many tutors can teach their students the knowledge as well a s the skills in answering questions. Only 4 respondents feel that they can get nothing helps from receiving tutoring and 2 respondents dont know what receiving tutoring helps them. It also shows that a few respondents will still receive tutoring even though they ideate it is helpless or they dont recognize what it helps.It should be due to the reason that among them, 5 of their tutorial fees are less than $200 per month and all of them are receiving tutoring for less than 5 hours per week. Receiving tutoring is not a financial freight to their family and doesnt influence their daily activities, so they continue. 9 Other benefits The above chart shows the advantages of receiving tutoring to students performance in lesson. As shown in Chart 4. 4, most respondents believe that the main changes of their attitude are understand the lessons than before and stick around unchanged, which made up of 41.6% (20/48) and 35. 4% (17/48) of the tutoring-portion. On the other hand, only 1 respon dent say that he/she becomes more keep down than before and 3 respondents say they become less concentrate than before. This result indicating that a gameer portion of students are able to understand their lessons than before also echoes with Chart 4. 9 which states that 57% (28/48) of respondents can also get the knowledge from receiving tutoring. But this is also one of the possible reasons relateing a few students concentration in classes. 10.Shortages Respondents of all 3 kinds of tutoring most likely are unsatisfied with the pricey tutorial fee. The respondents receiving large scale tutoring are most likely to have the chance of raising questions, and this phenomenon is not commonly found among the other 2 kinds of tutoring. Small scale tutoring is the one that have the most of its students (29%) feeling no defects, while none of respondents receiving 1 to 1 tutoring value that there are no defects. On the other hand, 1 respondent thinks that the things taught are alike s imple.However, he/she also thinks that he/she still dont quite understand the contents of the books. The tutor may be pedagogics those things that the respondent already understood instead of going though those parts the respondent found difficult. Another possible reason is that the tutor is not able to answer the questions of the respondent. This reason is more possible because the respondent is receiving 1 to 1 tutoring, which is supposed to be easier to ask questions. Effectiveness in terms of the actual academic result.In general, respondents academic result is slightly improved after receiving tuition, especially for those who attend large scale tutoring. 11 Analysis on nowadays education systems The above chart shows that the number of respondents attending tutorial class is 2. 7 times of those not attending tutorial class. For Form 1-3, 12 of them are attending tutorial course while 9 of them are not. The plowshare for Forml-3 respondents to attending tutorial classes over the total Form l-3 respondents is about 57%. For Form 4-5, 19 of them are attending tutorial course while 6 of them are not.The percentage for Form 4-5 respondents to attending tutorial classes over the total Form 4-5 respondents is about 76%. For Form 6-7, 17 of them are attending tutorial course while 3 of them are not. The percentage for Form 6-7 respondents to attending tutorial classes over the total Form 6-7 respondents is about 85%. From the above data, the affinity of percentages of difference groups shows that the group Form 6-7 is having the biggest proportion of students attending tutorial school and group Form 4-5 also have more percentage of students receiving tutoring than Form l-3.The higher the forms, the more the students receive tutoring. The result is the same as the one of Professor Brays research. The chart reflects some problems of the nowadays education system. 12 1) Pressure of attending public exams Students themselves view their academic result important and especially for Form 4-7, who have to attend the public exams. Therefore, 32 and 13 of them have attended tutorial schools for the reason To improve their academic result and To maintain their academic result.Not only respondents, their parents will also request them to attend tutorial class, but the influence of the parents to respondents of Form 6-7 will decrease. It shows the failure of the Government to promote studying is not for mark, as the traditionalistic thinking that academic result is very important is still built in peoples heart firmly. 2) miss of trust to school teachers 33% (16/48) of students think that the tutors education method better than the school teachers.One possible reason for that might be because the tutors are more likely to be humor and can use more interesting way to present the knowledge to students. Another chart, Chart 4. 13, also shows that only 2% (l/48) of respondents that dont receive tutoring because he/she thinks that the school teachers are good enough. Although this result doesnt show whether respondents think that the school teachers are not good enough to teach them knowledge or not good enough to teach them examination skills, it still can indicate that respondents lack trust towards their school teachers.3) Spoon-fed Education More than half(a) of the respondents (26/48) receiving tutoring in order to look for skills to answer questions, especially for Form 4-5 and Form 6-7, which have 58% (11/19) and 64% +(11/17) of them attend tutorial school for this reason. It shows that the format of examination is not changing and people can get the trick to perform better in it. By face-to-face contact, students can ask questions more easily and the tutors can have more interaction between themselves and their students.On the other hand, receiving tutoring by video can also be viewed as a kind of spoon-fed education. Chart 4. 9 shows that 73% (35/48) of respondents think that receiving tutoring by face-to-face contact is better. Back to Chart 4. 5, 31% (15/48) of respondents think that there is too olive-sized time for students to raise questions when receiving tutoring. Both Chart 4. 9 and Chart 4. 5 suggest that general respondents proneness two-ways teaching than single-way teaching actually. 13 Other Education Problems 1) Unbalance between studying and extra curricular activities Chart 4.10 shows that more than half (62. 5%) of the respondents usually receive tutoring less than 5 hours per week. It indicates that attending tutorial class consumes not much time too many respondents. However, Chart 4. 11 shows that nearly half of the respondents will have less time for activities other than studying. Are most of the respondents, saying that they have less time for activities other than studying, receiving tutoring more than 10 hours per week? Are most of the respondents, saying that they dont have less time for activities other than studying, receiving tutoring less than 10 hours per week?14 The table declared 3S infra shows that the answers for both questions above are No. Table4. 1 (Combining Chart 4. 10 and Chart 4. 11) 15 hours 1 (33%) 2 (67%) Yes No After combining the two charts, I found that more than 50% of the respondents verbalise they have less time for extra curricular activities, even though they receive tutoring less than or equal to 10 hours per week. At the same time, more than 65% of the respondents said they dont have less time for extra curricular activities, even they receive tutoring more than or equal to 10 hours per week.These suggest that how much time spending on receiving tutoring might not have direct relationship with affecting the time for having extra curricular activities. The contradicting result for more than 50% of respondents receiving tutoring less than 10 hours per week but having less time for extra curricular activities may due to the reason that although receive tutoring only a few hours per week, traveling to attend tutorial c lass takes time, or revision and homework are assigned by the tutors, or they choose to sacrifice the time for having extra curricular activities first when they have to receive tutoring. speckle the contradicting result for more than 60% of respondents receiving tutoring more than 10 hours per week but not having less time for extra curricular activities may due to the reason that these data are collected by a few number of respondents, that might not be able to reflect the general condition. In short, the result shows that it is quite unbalanced between studying and extra curricular activities for respondents.Some students may put too much time on studying and they may sacrifice their time for extra curricular activities (e. g.nearly 50% of the respondents have less time for activities other than studying after receiving tutoring). They may not have an all-around(prenominal) and well-balanced development. 15 2) Heavy financial burden to family and Unfairness between the rich and p oor From Chart 4. 11, most respondents usually pay more than $800 for the tutorial fee per month.It is the same as the results of the Census Statistics plane section found in 04/052. According to the Census Statistics Department, the average monthly expenditure on tuition is $1069, $879 and $828 of students of lower secondary, upper secondary and preparatory course respectively.Chart4. tt shows that the tutorial fee of the respondents is mostly bore by then-parents, which would become a financial burden of their family. None of them receive tutoring freely. Besides, only one respondent will pay the tutorial fee by himself/herself, using the money he/she got from his/her part-time job. This may affect his/her studies and health if he/she put too much time on doing part-time job. Fortunately, most respondents dont need to do so. As mentioned before, receiving tutoring may become a financial burden to the family and most respondents of not receiving tutoring because of the expensive tutorial fees.Even for those who receive tutoring, 63% (30/48) of them said the tutorial fee is expensive. This may create the unfairness between the rich and the poor that only those who can afford can receive tutoring. 16 Chapter 5 Conclusion Unlike what the impression of the general public, attending tutorial schools are not only teaching skills for students to tackle the examinations. Other than that, it can also provide quite a lot of benefits to students, such as getting the knowledge and having more confidence, as well as providing benefits to school, because students are able to understand the lessons better.It can be viewed as a useful assisting tool for teaching students besides the normal school. However, the trend that more and more students received tutoring reflects some problems about the existing education system as well as creating some new problems. The existing education system is emphasizing too much on the academic results and making students have a wrong attit ude that the most important thing is to get high score. Besides, the spoon-feeding way of teaching used makes students not encourage to have critical thinking.Yet, it is fortunate to find that general respondents desire 2-ways interaction actually. To change peoples traditional thinking of getting high score is the most important is still a long way to go. It is hoped that the government can promote to the society that the importance to condition the knowledge is as same important as, if not more than, getting the marks, and also getting high score is not the only way to reach success. On the other hand, changing the traditional teaching method may be one of the solutions.Students interest in learning will be stirred and students can develop critical thinking instead of just receiving what have been told, by using 2-ways interaction. Teachers can also try to have a more interesting way to teach, for example, using real support examples to explain the difficult theories in books 1 7 Reflection After completing this study, I have a better understanding of the reasons for and impact on teenagers who attend tutorial classes. Unlike many peoples suspicion of the benefits of tutorial classes, the survey results indicated how the positive impact of tutorial classes attracted students.However, there may be a need to collect more data to further reveal the relationships between the traditional teaching methods in schools and the trend of attending tutorial classes. (Word count 3797) 18 Chapter 6 Bibliography 1. Private Supplementary Tutoring Implications, Mark Bray, 2005 Comparative Perspectives on Patterns and 2. Latest 2004/05-based Consumer Price Indices, Census Statistics Department, 2005 3. young Opinion Polls No34 Students and Private Tuition, Hong Kong Federation of Youth Groups (HKFYG), May 1996 4. , * , * 1994 5. 1992 6. 2000 19 Appendix Questionnaire 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 mark awarded and Comments Title Stage III Marks Comments Is attending tutorial classes a new trend? 5-6 The candidate is able to explain how s/he discerns the research direction with the knowledge basis from the literature review.Furthermore, analytical skills are demonstrated by the manipulation and integration of data to enrich the findings from the survey. Though the candidate is able to put forward suggestions with reference to the findings, s/he does not justify well the conclusion by employing and analyzing the data. There is a sweeping line of descent of relating the trend of attending tutorial classes to the spoon-feeding education system. Also, one of the enquiry questions, Is there a trend in attending tutorial classes for secondary school students, is not addressed in the study. 32

Effects of Early Marriage Essay Example for Free

Effects of Early Marriage EssayMark and Jane got married eight geezerhood ago. They have two young children. Their initial love and attraction has turned into constant bickering and argument. They presently realize how diametrical they are from each otherwise. Every interchange seems to be a battle and is impact every aspect of their lives. They wonder what happened to the love and affection they felt towards each other at the runner of their relationship.They have been arguing about money, and how to spend it. Mark thinks his hard work is non appreciated. Jane feels overburdened with fetching care of the children, her part-time work and taking care of the most of household duties. They each feel the other is not contributing enough.They do not want to give up on their union, and have perceive that mediation can be effective in working through the practical problems they face. They hope by learning to appreciate each others efforts their love for each other will gradu ation to grow again. They have tried individual therapy, marital charge, and group therapy, without results.The first few years of a marriage are a very intense period of adjustment. Its very common for the equalise to learn differences about each other and encounter extreme bouts of negativity that they never imagined possible. A newly married couple (and any married couple, for that matter) should try anything at their disposal. Sometimes marriage counseling does not work. It does not mean that the marriage is over or that the counseling was insufficient or even that marriage counseling may not work at a future time. Couples need to try different things at different times in order to break the log jam of disillusionment.Marital intermediation or other professional support may help break the impasse. The intercessor will justify to Mark and Jane that, just like a new hobby, learning how to be married is a learnable skill. The mediator will teach them conflict resolution skills that they can begin to practice at home. Things can better at home, and Mark and Jane can continue to work on (and enjoy) their marriage. They might even try counseling again (perhaps with a different therapist), and may find that they are ready to gain insight from it.

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Culmination is the Zenith EssayConsidering the blooming of the bud to be the zenith in being the flower, in lieu with the activity conducted, Culminating Activity is bringing out the best of what the child has learnt as a unit. BHIS emphasises on Trans disciplinary curriculum which correlates every aspect of learning done in the school. It is of vast importance that education is not just textbook and classroom learning but a unimaginative and application oriented format of learning. Culmination activities do just that.These activities correlate the various developing skills relating to intelligence, linguistic, social, bodily et al. This activity is conducted twice a year . The first being during the 1st term and the 2nd in the month of March. In the month of __________________ Grd. 1 had the first culminating Activity which had Water as its theme. All the students of Grd. 1 participated in it, making sure the learning on the theme water was complete in its own way.Working wit h the children of my class I understood that through this activity the children, who might have not actively participated in the classroom sessions of Water, were seen to be doing it here and very enthusiastically. The Culminating Activity consisted of a skit, Tiddalik the Frog, followed by a song. The children also gave a brief presentation on Water. Weeks of practice made this activity a huge success in the presence of the parents. It is also apt to note that this activity though venial had a great role in building confidence in the children.

Economics of Sport Essay Example for Free

Economics of Sport hear1. IntroductionThis report volition overview and discuss how stakeholders in schoolmaster sports can jump as a good deal as they want out of the sport, without too much interestingness from the political relation. It lead withal cover rough of the purposes of political science-intervention and what they should do to keep up the belligerent proportion intact for the unites. There will be examples and discussions drawn from companys and leagues in the europiuman Soccer and too disagreements between how sports leagues on either ramps of the Atlantic ocean works in this matter. The importance of keeping stakeholders happy is the key to on-pitch success. Stakeholders in sport ar e realbody involved with sport participants (players/athletes), fans, giving medication bodies, financial investors and communities at large.1.1 BackgroundSince the early stages of the discussion and the involvement of the economics side of the field of sports, Nae le (1964) set maestro sports leagues as a different animal than any other competitive manufacturing in the world we know today. The main focus for professional sport leagues is to provide and compromise teams to a highly competitive level where they can produce and sell sporting events to the public (Fort Quirk, 1992). Similar individual teams crystalize up a professional sports league, that alone relies to gain the maximum of economic benefits as possible era relying on the opportunity to compete against other teams to produce their outputs the outcome will be games for the fans to enjoy. Without an organised structure of games and tables, the competitive output would not exist for sports leagues or its fans.Naele (1964) also claims that there is one main difference between a typical competitive business industry and the sports industry. He says that a normal industry gains the roughly economic and capital benefits epoch it faces the least amount of competition as possibl e. Simply put, the businesses argon seeking to be the unless supplier to the securities industry to become the market leader and in that focus earn money. This is not a preferred position for any professional sports league or team, while they rely on other teams and leagues to produce a product of outcome to touch on a sustainable business out of it.1.2 Why do clubs either focus on winning or maximising profits?Models often purposed to discuss how sports leagues t fetch up to behave are primarily the g al unitedlyery if club owners either aims for maximise profits (El-Hodiri Quirk, 1971) or wins (Ksenne, 2000). It is seen that the North American major sports leagues and the European leagues supports the assumptions that clubs uses a trade-off point of profit and wins (Atkinson, Stanley, Tschirhart, 1988). The most optimal for leagues and clubs should be to aim towards finding a model that balances the charge sum of profit and wins (Dietl, Grossmann, Lang, 2011). Theref or we sometimes see teams and leagues that work after gaining profit and economic benefits for survival, and on the other side we see the teams and leagues that works towards winning as their main goal and business objective. slightly owners of team are even willing to lose or invest money to build a winning team in the long run (Fort Quirk 2005).1.3 Where does the government fit in to the market of sports?There are two main reasons why governments intervene in sports efficiency and equity (Andreff, 2001). aptitude reports to the allocation of production resources. That involves sharing and allocation of who does what, how will it be done and where it will be produced. In other words, government and read supplies the right people and funding so that sport production from all levels are made as efficient as possible. Equity on the other hand are concerned how the distri notwithstandingion of the market will benefit and gain throughout society (McWha, Smith, Clarke, 2000). Meanin g that the government and state joins up to gain the participation and enrolment of sport from youth and grassroots levels so that as many as possible can get the chance of getting involved with sports programs. Government tends to use sports funding to gain a bigger and broader social wellbeing and strengthen national identities while gaining and providing the kingdom with more(prenominal) talent and more competitive power on an international scale (McWha, Smith, Clarke, 2000). Government bodies also ensure that rules are fol blueed and that the regulatory framework for how the organisations operate are followed correctly.2. Key IssuesThe sports culture between Europe and America varies a lot. All from regulating, formatting and design and managing are way different from each side of the Atlantic. The way that the American sports leagues are formed is that they are built as independent organisations which has an gateway breastwork through franchise sales. This means that a new entry to the league is only possible if a current team is for sale of if the league are in a need of open up for expansion (Cain, Louis Haddock, 2005). In Europe they use an open model, which is seen as a hierarchical structure where entry relies fully on a promotion/relegation system (Andreff, 1989).2.1 European football gameFootball is by far the worlds most popular sport with over 3.5 billion fans worldwide (Dunning, 1999) The English Barclays prime minister League had in the indurate of 2009-2010 tax revenues worth of 2.1 billion, which by then was a record for the league (Conn, 2011). Now a fewer years later, a new broadcast deal has been signed and in concert with the worlds most expensive regular tickets prices, the revenues will be worth nearly 5 million (Pantanella, 2012). With an shining and an substantial uplift of the already massive broadcast deals of the 2013/2014 season, the English Premier League will score for more then the half of the f sink 20 clubs with the highest revenue of Europe (Bosshardt, Bridge, Hanson, Shaffer, Stenson Thorpe, 2013).From the roots, the clubs throughout Europe is willing organisations. But with the new age of media, commercialisation and globalisation the bigger and the dominant clubs are more seen as business entities with capital, a vision of profit and the responsibility of results for the fans (Boyle Haynes, 2004). According to the Deloitte annually edition of the Football gold League, the Spanish giant Real capital of Spain became the first European club team to surpass the ergocalciferol million (AUD 658 million) revenue threshold in one year during the season of 2011/2012. Second on that appoint is Barcelona FC with AUD 619 million and third is the English sided Manchester United FC on AUD 508 million (Bosshardt, Bridge, Hanson, Shaffer, Stenson Thorpe, 2013)With this amount of money being shoved in and out of the football organisation in Europe it is hard to see why there would be a need of go vernment intervention other than how the regulations of the sharing of the deals will be spent. The bigger, the better and the more popular the club are, the more fans they will attract and the more TV viewers they will get (Fort Quirk, 2005). In Spain there are no regulations or laws of the distribution of the broadcast revenue at all. They are letting every club negotiate individually with the broadcasters available on the market. Since the season of the Spanish La Liga 2004/2005, there has only been one year when a team (Villareal 07/08) other then Real Madrid and Barcelona clinched the first two spots of the table (List of Champions Sport Soccer Statistic Foundation, 2013). convey to this system, the league has close lost its competitive balance for the rest of the teams of the league while the two dominant teams clinch the scoop up commercial-deals for the league for themselves and the spots of continental competition.The English Premier League has also been dominated by t he absolute top 4 teams, Chelsea FC, Manchester United FC, Arsenal FC and Liverpool FC. Since the English Football League First Division rebranded itself to the Barclays Premier League in 1992, there has only been one season where a team outside of the actor mentioned to become Champions (Blackburn Rovers 94/95), and since then there has only been Leeds United that has been able to steal a top three place in the table from the top 4 teams (Past Winners The Football League, 2013).The sharing of the broadcast rights revenue in England is shared in three parts 50% are shared equally throughout all 20 clubs, 25% in facility fees and 25% depending how they end up in the league (Premier League Season Review, 2011). With this numbers in mind, the money attracted to certain clubs seen as being more economically viable than others, comes from individual contracts, endorsements and overseas business opportunities and sponsorships, not exclusive from broadcast rights. This is where the prob lem is. A trend of overseas rich oligopolies taking over ownerships of European clubs has formed an international debate whether the ethics and moral of the competitive balance of the sport. With almost immeasurable amounts of money, a civil person can by the mass of shares of a team and transform it to a name-reputational team with gaining high-value player transfers and offers high wages (Vrooman, 1995).The government and the state bodies around Europe have since 2009 together with UEFA agreed on putting a motion of a so-called Financial Fair suffer. It was introduced due to the concern of the heavy spending of a number of professional clubs across Europe, it was hoped that the regulations would eventually lead to a more level playing field by preventing clubs with very wealthy owners who make substantial cash gifts to their club from gaining an un jolly advantage over other clubs who are run on a more sustainable business model, and in so doing encourage lower levels of spendi ng (UEFA, 2012).2.2 Other leaguesOver the Atlantic Ocean there is a whole other status of sports. America has uniquely formed a fundamental culture, where schools and colleges are to be the main resource of forming the professional leagues (Bottenburg, 2010). Leagues in America have the worlds most profitable league the National Football League (NFL) that alone draws in an annual profit of over one billion Australian dollars (Seepersaud 2010) The American Leagues are seen as the most competitive-balanced leagues in the world, with leagues as the NFL, NHL, MLB and the NBA. In America they use a compartmentalization of implements of their formatting of the leagues to make it as fair and as competitive as possible. But the how the competitive balance work in practise varies from eye to eye. As mentioned before, America uses a closed league system.Thanks to that it is possible for them to use a so called draft system, where the lowest ranking team from previous season has the opportun ity to choose first in the upcoming draft of young talents from all over the world. NFL, NBA and NHL also implemented salary caps, which give the teams over the league a total amount of money to spend on wages each season so that not one single team is the only one to afford the biggest names. They also have a season concluded with a knockout play-off. This benign of formatting makes the outcome each year impossible to range. Since the commercialisation of the sports imploded America there has only been few back-to-back wins in the professional leagues. There has been some dominance by teams as the Los Angeles Lakers (NBA), New York Yankees (MLB), but other than that the outcome is considerably uncertain from year to year. Not least in the NHL and the NFL.3. SummarySince most of the European clubs are win-maximised focused teams with the main aim to survive and stay as high up in the league system as possible, the intervention of government and state should be as low as possible. F or the participants of the game they really do not need any actions to be taken from the government other than regulating the safety on the pitch with guards and police forces protecting them to unknown elements of danger. They will all get paid, and if they are good enough to seek themselves elsewhere for more lucrative deals, the already government-applied silly-season and the transfer-windows will secure them and the clubs.In America the draft system and college involvement should be enough for the governments involvement. Since the American sports leagues are working after a cartel linked system to survive and make profits, the salary cap helps younger and inexperienced players to secure wage-deals that suits them in their careers. The fans will always be together and involved with their club unless something drastic will happen. The way that government should intervene to keep fans from all levels suffer are to maybe try to manage and put pressure on leagues and clubs to keep their gate-tickets as fair and lucrative as possible.With the draft system and the Financial Fair Play, the fans from teams and clubs that have not gained the trophies or cups recently, will be to their advantage in a near future. This will make a higher competitive market for talents and that the spread of players will be wider overall. Community will get help of government involvement of them interact and supply state and government supported facilities by bringing either existing clubs or future franchises to their community. This is a form of politic question that involves tax-money and an overall public demand.As long as the leagues and the teams manage to keep a sustainable competitive balance and a high quality outcome, I do not see why governments should interact and interfere with how the sports leagues are managed today. The Financial Fair Play is too soon to reflect on how it will work out as an outcome for the European football, but we can already see that it has marked its point in countries as Turkey and Spain when UEFA tabu Besiktas and Malaga from continental competition due to overspending of their own capacity. The government should work from the communitys perspective keep a full-on investigation and reporting about drugs and safety of players and athletes. In short, let the leagues and sports manage themselves, because in the end it is all about keeping the most important stakeholders happy and satisfied, the fans.