Bacteri The Natural World s Unsung Heroes - 1253 Words

Abstract- Bacteria are the natural world s unsung heroes. They receive bad rep due to the disease causing individuals like tuberculosis but the vast majority of bacteria on Earth are harmless if not beneficial to both the environment and humans. Take for example E. Coli a well known bacteria that lives within our intestines. This particular bacteria makes vitamins that we need in order to stay healthy. In this experiment we analyzed the changes seen in bacteria when adding to differing DNA plasmids; pUC18 and lux. To arrive to the most accurate results possible we had to have the E. Coli bacteria made permeable to the plasmids. So it was prepared with calcium chloride. One group of bacteria was given the pUC18 plasmid, and the other group was given the lux as well as the pUC18 plasmids. We then proceeded to incubate them in different containers. Some had ampicillin where as some had none. This was done in order to observe the effect of pUC18, and lux growth patterns. A control with neither pl asmid was used to keep a basis for our experiments. Bacteria that had transformed and taken in the lux plasmid without ampicilin were able to illuminate, and only bacteria that gained the pUC18 were capable of surviving with ampicillin. The results observed reveal how foreign DNA can be adapted to fit into another cell s DNA even incorporated to be an optimal part of the cell. This process makes it a very viable manner of being able to mass replicate advantageous genes, that would

Young Goodman Brown from a Moral Standpoint - 1352 Words

Nathaniel Hawthorne was born in Salem, Massachusetts. At the age of four, his father passed away from yellow fever, forcing his family to move in with his uncle. The positively influential Uncle Robert Manning pushed Hawthorne to succeed in school and insisted he go to college. Following his education at Bowdoin College, Hawthorne spent years in isolation mastering the art of writing. It was during those years when Hawthorne discovered that his ancestors were founders and Puritan leaders of the Salem witch trials. Shortly after this tragic finding, he wrote â€Å"Young Goodman Brown,† a tale that is considered one of the greatest in American literature. Analyzing Nathaniel Hawthorne’s work from a moral perspective can help illuminate his short†¦show more content†¦She represents Goodman Brown’s â€Å"faith† or his religious intentions throughout the story. The setting of the story also plays a significant role in Hawthorne’s moral story set in symbolism. As Brown travels further into the depths of the forest, he feels more fearful and unsafe, saying to himself, â€Å"there may be a devilish Indian behind every tree. What if the devil himself should be at my very elbow!† (Hawthorne 27). Therefore, to iterate the previously stated passage from an analyst’s point of view: the tale begins with â€Å"good man† Brown leaving faith to spend a night in fear and uncertainty in order to experiment with the devil. But if young Goodman Brown is such a moral being, then why would he experiment with the devil in the first place? According to German philosopher Immanuel Kant, â€Å"conscience is an instinct to pass judgment upon ourselves in accordance with moral laws† (Kant 93). Brown did not pass judgment on himself when he decided to experiment with the devil because he knew he had an escape with his wife. Faith was, in his eyes, the purest human being on the face of the Earth and when he became bored with his trial, he could go back and enjoy religious sanctuary with her. Once he discovered the presence of his wife at the ceremony, Brown begins to scream Faith’s name (Hawthorne 32). Only when Brown sees this pink ribbon from Faith’s cap flutter down from the sky, does heShow MoreRelatedStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 Pages10.5/12 ITC New Baskerville Std Credits and acknowledgments borrowed from other sources and reproduced, with permission, in this textbook appear on the appropriate page within text. Copyright  © 2013, 2011, 2009, 2007, 2005 by Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Prentice Hall. All rights reserved. Manufactured in the United States of America. This publication is protected by Copyright, and permission should be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction, storage in a retrievalRead MoreOrganisational Theory230255 Words   |  922 Pagesdilemmas. The book engages in an imaginative way with a wealth of organizational concepts and theories as well as provides insightful examples from the practical world of organizations. The authors’ sound scholarship and transparent style of writing set the book apart, making it an ingenious read which invites reflexivity, criticalness and plurality of opinion from the audience. This is a book that will become a classic in organization studies. Mihael a L. 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Financial Institutions and Social Transformations

Question: Discuss about the Financial Institutions and Social Transformations. Answer: Introduction A banking license is described as a legal prerequisite that is required to any financial institution and that wants to run a business on banking. Moreover, a particular business is not considered as a bank, if it does not hold the banking license (MacDonald, van Oordt and Scott 2016). Therefore, it can be said that for establishing a bank or a banking business, a financial institution should possess the banking license. However, the rules, regulations and policies as well as the requirements and the method for applying for the banking license vary from one country to another. In this essay, the requirements and the methods for applying for a banking license in the country Australia have been highlighted. Analysis of the Structure of the Current Financial System in Australia It has been found that the economy of Australia has ranked 15th based on its size and the nation have around 1900 entities, which are registered in the ASX (Australian Securities Exchange). The market capitalization of the organizations is about US $ 900 billion (Saunders and Cornett 2014). From detailed study, it can be said that the structures of the Australian financial system changes continuously over the period in relation to the economic innovation and modifications in both economic environment and authoritarian structure. As per the history of Australian financial system, the operations of the Reserve Bank of Australia were started in the year 1960 in the month of January and this is responsible for the evaluation of the banking system in future (Gennaioli, Martin and Rossi 2014). It can be analyzed that the key reason for strengths of the structure of financial system of Australia are APRA and ASIC (Australiancentre.com.au 2017). These help to follow the prudential integrity objectives and corporate rules independently and on the other hand, these also assist in considering adequate account of distinctive perspectives of others. It has been found that APRA is offered with overall powers regarding the process of licensing and is involved in the process of figuring fiscal declarations throughout the structure of laws that have been created for it (Flannery 2016). On the other hand, it has been found that ASC has been named as ASIC and it has taken the responsibility for integration in the market and protection of the customers in the insurance and superannuation zones and payment features and banking system. From detailed analysis, it can be said that the overall current financial system of Australia is in a good condition. Moreover, the profitability of the Australian Banks is at a high level and the presentation of the assets of the banks has improved continuously and has been driven by the loan portfolio of the business. Additionally, the housing lending performance of the country remains quite strong and certain concerns related to the mortgage portfolios of the banks have decreased from the previous financial stability review (Board 2014). However, the risks have been found to be more pronounced, even all the risks are still manageable in certain regions. Based on detailed analysis, one of the major risks include the probability of occurring large losses for lending an amount to the developers of residential property and portfolios of commercial properties of banks. Additionally, the resource-associated disclosures of the banks have symbolized signs of stress; however, all these sig nify a little amount of share of overall disclosures (Ueda and Di Mauro 2013). Moreover, the vulnerabilities within the worldwide economy pose a risk towards the bank and this involves the banks of Australia with international coverage. It has been found that the largest international coverage of the Australian banks is to New Zealand and in this region high mortgage debt as well as fast increase in housing prices has increased the risk level. This might include a price correction that can negatively influence the asset quality of the banks. On the other hand, with constant decrease in the prices, probability of defaults increases. Moreover, deterioration in the worldwide risk sentiment might increase the expense of wholesale funding (Elyasiani, Mester and Pagano 2014). On the contrary, it has been found that in present days, banks face discriminating risks in certain regions; their flexibility to unfavorable shocks has risen considerably through intensification of the liquidity pos ition and capital. Particularly, the capital positions of the chief banks have shifted above the minimum requirements of regulations. Furthermore, in the current situation, the profitability of the LMIs (Lenders Mortgage Insurers) has been decreased as some of the banks of the country have shifted to offshore insurers and the high volume loans of LVR (Loan-to-Valuation) get reduced with respect to standards of lending (Knights and Tinker 2016). Structure of and Developments in the Current Australian Banking Industry The banking industry of Australia is dominated by mainly four organizations i.e. about 85 % of the total value of domestic home loan. These organizations include National Australia Bank (NAB), Westpac (WBC), Commonwealth Bank (CBA) and Australia and New Zealand Banking Group (ANZ). In total, all these firms possess market cap of more than $ 400 billion in together and have assets equivalent to five times of the total properties of the left behind banks, various financial organizations and mutual funds (Babb and Kentikelenis 2017). The particular market is highly competitive and the high concentration of the power of market through a few numbers of organizations can be connected to a kind of oligopolistic behavior. However, the banking sector of Australia has one key barrier for entering into any market. This include the market power level that the present big name players possess. Therefore, it can be said that the pre-existing supremacy is considered as the largest obstacle to the entrance for the new competition. Technically, the Big Four are separate firms but the most of the shareholders as well as the proxy members of these banks are same i.e. fund managers and large international banks. The international regulatory efforts mainly highlights on the incorporation of the agreed reforms of post-crisis and increased the assessment of their effects. In addition to the effort of post-crisis reform, the recent regions attract the international attention that involves the potential risk that is related to the industry of asset management. Therefore, its effect on the liquidity of the market as well as the economic constancy incorporations of various innovations in fiscal technology can be understood (Da Gbadji et al. 2015). In addition to these, the domestic authorities progress their work on incorporation of the formal response of the government, the recommendations of Financial System Inquiry and internationally agreed reforms to the final report of the FSI. The internationally regulatory developments and Australian response include addressing too big to fail, shadow banking, building resilient fiscal institutions and FMI Regulation (Kpmg.com.au. 2017). Historical Provisions In the year 1988, APRA introduced the first set of Basel standards called Basel I and was also implemented in the same year. In the earlier period, a set of international regulations of banking was used to incorporate by the Basel Committee on Bank Supervision (BCBS). Moreover, this helped to set out a minimum requirement of capital for financial institutions including banking industry of Australia (Rossi, Gennaioli. and Martin 2013). The aim of this particular regulation was to minimize the credit risk. Current Provisions The quality as well as the quantity of the capital of the Australian banking industry has found to rise considerably for last two years. This occurred due to the global financial crisis of the year 2008 as this has prompted both the regulators and the markets for reappraising the perspective on satisfactory levels and capital forms (Rba.gov.au. 2017). Moreover, the international and the domestic regulatory bodies have found to propose various changes to the present capital regulations. Due to the effect of financial crisis in Australia, the domestic regulators promote resilience in the banking industry through the specification of a minimum quantity of capital, which the banks should possess and kind that capital should consider. It has been found that the APRA prepares and enforces the regulations that generally govern the adequacy of capital of the banks of Australia (Bhagat, Bolton and Lu 2015). The present regulations of the banking industry of Australia are considered as a tradi tional application of the newest set of standards regarding international capital that have been issued by the BCBS (Basel Committee on Banking Supervision). Moreover, this can be collectively called as Basel II and these standards were incorporated after the global financial crisis in 2008. It has been found that the newer standards mainly put emphasis on the risk measurement and the definition of capital. From detailed study, it can be said that the regulatory capital of any bank of Australia is the summation of its Tier 1 and Tier 2 capital and net of all particular deductions (Edey and Gray 2017). The former Tier is comprised of funding sources, where a bank can allocate the losses freely without generating bankruptcy. Moreover, Tier 1 involves retained earnings and ordinary shares. On the other hand, the Tier 2 capital of the Australian banks is composed of funding sources, especially those rank below the depositors of the bank and other creditors (senior). Finally, it can be said that both the Tier 1 and Tier 2 capital are measured through net of reductions that are adjustments for features that deduce the loss assimilation capabili ties of capital. Opportunities and Structure for Other Foreign Bank in Australia Australia is considered as a revolving door for the banks, especially for the international banks. Therefore, the foreign banks get an opportunity to run their business continuously in the financial market of Australia. In addition to this, the international banks generally do not provide the investors with similar income stream like other banks of Australia. Moreover, the exchange rate is another factor, due to which most of the international banks intend to operate their business in sector of banking system in Australia. Furthermore, it has been found that the APRA has also authorized various representative offices for the internal or foreign banks with the aim that this facility will help the global banks to maintain their operations in Australia. In other words, it can be said that the intention of APRA behind this is that to develop and maintain a permanent establishment of the global banks in the economic market of Australia (ABC News 2017). It has been found that prior to the Great Depression in Australia, the regulation for operation of foreign bank was very tight and it was impossible for any foreign bank to run its business in Australian market. Moreover, it can be said that until 1980s, it is almost unfeasible for any foreign bank to develop its branches in Australia (Apra.gov.au. 2017). However, the scenario has changed at present, Australian financial market has become feasible for operating foreign banks. Therefore, the government of Australia make it must for all foreign banks who wish to run its banking business permanently in Australia to obtain a banking authority. This is issued by the APRA as per the Banking Act of the country. In addition to this, the government of Australia has also provided an alternative way for those foreign banks who does not want to attain a banking authority in the nation by operating a representative office in the particular market for liaison purpose. Risks faced by a Foreign Bank at the time of starting a new operation in Australia The main risks that are faced by most of the foreign banks at the time of starting a new operation in the financial market of Australia include the political, economic and business risks. These three are the most common and major risks for any foreign bank that wants to start its banking business in any overseas countries. The political environment is very effective and thus has effective influence on the operation of a new business. Moreover, the enhancement of the business as well as its popularity depends on the political influence (Apra.gov.au. 2017). In addition to this, a healthy and spontaneously growing financial market is considered as a necessary requirement for running a banking business successfully, as financial crisis in the particular market might affect the operation of the business. Lastly, the business risk also effects the operations of the banking system as the particular business model (including the interest risk) helps any banking business to run successfully. Official Requirements and Best Practice for obtaining banking license in Australia In Australia, an institution that seeks to regulate prudentially within the country as an ADI (authorized deposit-taking institution) is needed to be authorized as per the Banking Act 1959. It can be said that APRA (Australian Prudential Regulation Authority) is liable for authorization procedure. Opined to the Section 5 of the particular Act, both making of advanced money and taking of deposits along with it the other fiscal activities as per the regulations are made as per the specified Act. The Backing Act is responsible for all the corporations to perform banking business in Australia. Thus, ADIs are closely supervised by APRA and this needs ADI to align with the wide range of requirements that are constituted within the Prudential Standards. Moreover, it provides ample information to the APRA under the standards of reporting. Therefore, APRA has many powers that it can practice and does not align with the ADI (Edey and Gray 2017). The prudential framework of APRA is comprised of holding capital. The applications for authorization follow the guidelines of ADI Authorization. The institutions want to apply for the authorization require to fulfill the below steps. These include a primary consultation among APRA and the applicant for discussing the plans of the applicant regarding running a banking business within the nation. Secondly, a draft application and along with it relevant information should be submitted as per the detailed information of Authorization Guidelines. Lastly, application review by APRA and this involves meeting with the applicants senior officers (Rba.gov.au 2017). Opined to the guidelines, the applicant should pay a licensing fee and this is considered as the subject to a yearly administrative levy. In general, the routine for the licensing procedure totally depends on the depth as well as the quality of the material that is served by the applicant. Additionally, the ability of the applicant is to meet the requirements of APRA from the first day. Conclusion Therefore, based on the above detailed study and analysis, it can be said that the bodies of Australia and the government of the country are comprised of ARPC and ASIC. Moreover, these are dedicated to the perfect model of the monetary regulation. In addition to these, it has been found that the government of the particular country has implemented Basel II instead of Basel I in later year (since the year 2008), especially after the occurrence of global financial crisis in order to operate the banking industry of Australia successfully. This change in the regulations of the banks in Australia has attracted more numbers of clients and thus the demand of banks has also been increased recently. In addition to these, the Australian government has identified further better structure as well as financial system for enhancing the banking industry and for this the prudential regulation of the organization has been implemented. Furthermore, the responsibility for disclosure of the regulation a nd market regulation regarding fiscal products or services also attracts more clients to banks of Australia. Therefore, it can be said that the Brilliant Bank that is headquartered in New York should start its operations of banking system in the market of Australia. References ABC News. 2017.Five key challenges facing Australian banks. [online] Available at: https://www.abc.net.au/news/2016-07-14/moodys-warns-australian-banks-face-rising-challenges/7629416 [Accessed 21 Jan. 2017]. Apra.gov.au. 2017.Pages - How to apply for an ADI authority. [online] Available at: https://www.apra.gov.au/adi/Pages/how-to-apply-for-an-ADI-authority.aspx [Accessed 21 Jan. 2017]. Australiancentre.com.au. 2017. [online] Available at: https://australiancentre.com.au/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/FAF2-Regulation.pdf [Accessed 21 Jan. 2017]. Babb, S.L. and Kentikelenis, A.E., 2017. International financial institutions as agents of neoliberalism.The SAGE handbook of neoliberalism. Thousand Oaks: SAGE Publications. Bhagat, S., Bolton, B. and Lu, J., 2015. Size, leverage, and risk-taking of financial institutions.Journal of Banking Finance,59, pp.520-537. Board, F.S., 2014. Guidance on Supervisory Interaction with Financial Institutions on Risk Culture: A Framework for Assessing Risk Culture.Financial Stability Board, Basel, April. Da Gbadji, L.A.G., Gailly, B. and Schwienbacher, A., 2015. International analysis of venture capital programs of large corporations and financial institutions.Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice,39(5), pp.1213-1245. Edey, M. and Gray, 2017.The Evolving Structure of the Australian Financial System. [online] Ideas.repec.org. Available at: https://ideas.repec.org/p/rba/rbardp/rdp9605.html [Accessed 21 Jan. 2017]. Elyasiani, E., Mester, L.J. and Pagano, M.S., 2014. Large capital infusions, investor reactions, and the return and risk-performance of financial institutions over the business cycle.Journal of Financial Stability,11, pp.62-81. Flannery, M.J., 2016. Stabilizing large financial institutions with contingent capital certificates.Quarterly Journal of Finance,6(02), p.1650006. Gennaioli, N., Martin, A. and Rossi, S., 2014. Sovereign default, domestic banks, and financial institutions.The Journal of Finance,69(2), pp.819-866. Knights, D. and Tinker, T. eds., 2016.Financial institutions and social transformations: International studies of a sector. Springer. Kpmg.com.au. 2017. [online] Available at: https://kpmg.com.au/portals/0/N13616ADV_Top10_Regularity_FS-WEB.pdf [Accessed 21 Jan. 2017]. MacDonald, C., van Oordt, M. and Scott, R., 2016. Implementing Market-Based Indicators to Monitor Vulnerabilities of Financial Institutions. Rba.gov.au. 2017. [online] Available at: https://www.rba.gov.au/publications/bulletin/2010/sep/pdf/bu-0910-6.pdf [Accessed 21 Jan. 2017]. Rossi, S., Gennaioli, N. and Martin, A., 2013. Sovereign Default, Domestic Banks, and Financial Institutions.The Journal of Finance,69(2), p.9. Saunders, A. and Cornett, M.M., 2014.Financial institutions management. McGraw-Hill Education. Ueda, K. and Di Mauro, B.W., 2013. Quantifying structural subsidy values for systemically important financial institutions.Journal of Banking Finance,37(10), pp.3830-3842.

Poetry Explication of Spring Fall Essay Example For Students

Poetry Explication of Spring Fall Essay She Is saddened by this very real representation of death all around her. This could very well represent the entire tone of the poem, a saddened and bleak outlook on life, and ultimately, death, Hopkins uses interesting language to enhance the mood of the poem. HIS use of words Like: grieving, colder, sigh, weep, sorrow and blight capture the heart of reader and really draw them into the pain and sadness expressed here. Line eight, though worlds of womanhood leaflet lie, suggests an extreme devastation that expresses itself through pain and human suffering. It reminds us that loss is something that all humans are bound to experience in their lifetime. Womanhood represents sickness and perhaps the fading colors of the earth in the fall, while leaflet suggests a sense of Insecurity that may be created when pain strikes a sensitive and naive mind. The speaker in the poem seems to be very interested in the young girls ability to feel sorrow at the sight of death, at such a young age, He does however know that as she grows older, she will continue to feel this same grief but with more consciousness of its real meaning in her life. The line you will weep, and know why, tells us that someday, once she has grown, she will lose her childlike reasoning, and be able to better comprehend what death really is. The poet then assures the child that her sorrow Is normal. He tells her that shell feel the same pains throughout her life, though in different ways, as she ages, and line eleven, sorrows springs are the 1 OFF say what the grief is for and the mind cant really understand it, and so its assumed here that all this grief and pain points back to personal suffering, and losses. It seems that this poem is ultimately speaking more vaguely about something far more serious than Just life and death. There are several points in the poem that hint at a Biblical perspective. Perhaps Spring, and Goldenrod represent a healthy and somewhat Eden-like relationship with God. If this is so, then Fall, and unlearning would, in turn, be representative of a separation from God, perhaps the fall of mankind. Looking at this poem from a Christian perspective allows the reader to see the verses in a new light. It could be that the blight that man was born for, was our sinful nature, and we are spending our lives grieving this separation from The devastation represented in line eight, though worlds of womanhood leaflet lie, is a euphemism for the fall of man. Hopkins is referring to an unpleasant and harsh piece of human history that will ultimately be the primary cause of all sorrow in our lives. As line eleven suggests, sorrows springs are the same, all sorrows are flowing from one source, the fall of humankind. Nor mouth had, no nor mind, expressed, wows skepticism to mans ability to fully understand what it is that pains us through this life. We may know the story of the fall, but we can never fully understand the intense seriousness of what the fall really was. Without God, we can never comprehend these things on our own. Hopkins uses the metaphor of a young girl grieving over the changing seasons to represent something far more serious than sadness over life and death. This innate sen se of sorrow that we are born with is our sinful nature, and because of this we are spending our lives grieving our separation from God.